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The following diagram shows a Zener diode as a voltage regulator. The Zener diode is rated at $$V_{z}=5V$$ and the desired current in load is 5 mA. The unregulated voltage source can supply upto 25 V. Considering the Zener diode can withstand four times of the load current, the value of resistor $$R_{s}$$ (shown in circuit) should be ____ Ω .
Maximum Zener current: $$I_{z(\text{max})} = 4 \times I_L$$
$$I_{z(\text{max})} = 4 \times 5\text{ mA} = 20\text{ mA}$$
Worst-case condition (disconnected load): $$I_s = I_{z(\text{max})}$$
$$I_s = 20\text{ mA}$$
$$V_{R_s} = V_{in} - V_z$$
$$V_{R_s} = 25\text{ V} - 5\text{ V} = 20\text{ V}$$
$$R_s = \frac{V_{R_s}}{I_s}$$
$$R_s = \frac{20}{20 \times 10^{-3}}$$
$$R_s = 1000\ \Omega$$
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