Join WhatsApp Icon JEE WhatsApp Group
Question 89

Two different families A and B are blessed with equal number of children. There are 3 tickets to be distributed amongst the children of these families so that no child gets more than one ticket. If the probability that all the tickets go to the children of the family B is $$\frac{1}{12}$$, then the number of children in each family is:

Let the number of children in each family be $$n$$. Hence, the total number of children belonging to the two families together is $$2n$$.

Because no child can receive more than one ticket, distributing the three tickets is equivalent to choosing exactly three distinct children out of the total pool. Thus,

$$\text{Total ways} \;=\;\binom{2n}{3}.$$

The required event is that all the tickets go only to the children of family B. Since family B has $$n$$ children, the number of favourable selections equals the number of ways of choosing any three children out of these $$n$$, namely

$$\text{Favourable ways} \;=\;\binom{n}{3}.$$

By definition of probability,

$$P(\text{all three to B}) \;=\;\frac{\binom{n}{3}}{\binom{2n}{3}}.$$

We are told that this probability equals $$\dfrac{1}{12}$$. Therefore,

$$\frac{\binom{n}{3}}{\binom{2n}{3}} \;=\;\frac{1}{12}.$$

First we write the combinations in factorial form. Recalling the formula $$\binom{r}{k}=\dfrac{r!}{k!(r-k)!},$$ we get

$$\frac{\dfrac{n(n-1)(n-2)}{6}}{\dfrac{2n(2n-1)(2n-2)}{6}}=\frac{1}{12}.$$

The common factor $$6$$ cancels out, giving

$$\frac{n(n-1)(n-2)}{2n(2n-1)(2n-2)}=\frac{1}{12}.$$

We now cancel one factor of $$n$$ present in both numerator and denominator:

$$\frac{(n-1)(n-2)}{2(2n-1)(2n-2)}=\frac{1}{12}.$$

Cross-multiplying,

$$12(n-1)(n-2)=2(2n-1)(2n-2).$$

Dividing both sides by $$2$$ to simplify,

$$6(n-1)(n-2)=(2n-1)(2n-2).$$

Now we expand each side. First,

$$(n-1)(n-2)=n^{2}-3n+2,$$

so

$$6(n-1)(n-2)=6(n^{2}-3n+2)=6n^{2}-18n+12.$$

Next,

$$(2n-1)(2n-2)=4n^{2}-6n+2.$$

Equating the two expressions, we have

$$6n^{2}-18n+12=4n^{2}-6n+2.$$

Moving every term to the left side yields

$$6n^{2}-18n+12-4n^{2}+6n-2=0,$$

which simplifies to

$$2n^{2}-12n+10=0.$$

Dividing by $$2$$ throughout,

$$n^{2}-6n+5=0.$$

We solve the quadratic equation $$n^{2}-6n+5=0$$ using the quadratic-formula result $$n=\dfrac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^{2}-4ac}}{2a}.$$ Here $$a=1,\,b=-6,\,c=5$$, so

$$n=\frac{6\pm\sqrt{(-6)^{2}-4\cdot1\cdot5}}{2}=\frac{6\pm\sqrt{36-20}}{2}=\frac{6\pm4}{2}.$$

This gives two possible roots:

$$n=\frac{6+4}{2}=5 \quad\text{or}\quad n=\frac{6-4}{2}=1.$$

However, $$n=1$$ is impossible because we must be able to hand all three tickets to children of family B, so family B must have at least three children. Consequently, the only viable solution is $$n=5$$.

Therefore, each family has $$5$$ children.

Hence, the correct answer is Option B.

Get AI Help

Create a FREE account and get:

  • Free JEE Mains Previous Papers PDF
  • Take JEE Mains paper tests

JEE Quant Questions | JEE Quantitative Ability

JEE DILR Questions | LRDI Questions For JEE

JEE Verbal Ability Questions | VARC Questions For JEE

Free JEE Topicwise Questions

JEE Rotational MotionJEE Units & MeasurementsJEE Atomic StructureJEE GravitationJEE Periodic Table & PeriodicityJEE StatisticsJEE Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsJEE Magnetism & Magnetic MaterialsJEE Sequences & SeriesJEE MatricesJEE Alternating CurrentsJEE Carboxylic AcidsJEE Permutations & CombinationsJEE Work, Energy & PowerJEE Electromagnetic InductionJEE Electronic DevicesJEE d and f-Block ElementsJEE Chemical KineticsJEE Heat TransferJEE Three Dimensional GeometryJEE Magnetic Effects of CurrentJEE Hydrocarbons - AromaticJEE Electromagnetic WavesJEE Aldehydes & KetonesJEE Hydrocarbons - AlkanesJEE Applications of DerivativesJEE EquilibriumJEE Indefinite IntegrationJEE Chemical ThermodynamicsJEE ElectrochemistryJEE ProbabilityJEE BiomoleculesJEE Continuity & DifferentiabilityJEE Kinetic Theory of GasesJEE Vector AlgebraJEE Hydrocarbons - AlkynesJEE Differential EquationsJEE Current & ResistanceJEE Straight LinesJEE WavesJEE Redox ReactionsJEE Hydrocarbons - AlkenesJEE DeterminantsJEE SolutionsJEE Ray OpticsJEE Dual Nature of Matter & RadiationJEE Chemical Bonding & Molecular StructureJEE Complex NumbersJEE Sets, Relations & FunctionsJEE Electric Charges & FieldsJEE Laws of MotionJEE Fluid MechanicsJEE Basic Concepts in ChemistryJEE Trigonometric FunctionsJEE LimitsJEE Laws of ThermodynamicsJEE Kinematics - 2D MotionJEE p-Block Elements (Groups 13-18)JEE Simple Harmonic MotionJEE Electric Potential & CapacitanceJEE Coordination CompoundsJEE JEE 2D GeometryJEE CirclesJEE Definite IntegrationJEE EMF & Circuit AnalysisJEE Surface TensionJEE Atoms & NucleiJEE Laboratory Experiments - XIJEE Number SystemJEE Basic Principles of Organic ChemistryJEE Wave OpticsJEE Quadratic EquationsJEE Alcohols, Phenols & EthersJEE Organic Compounds with HalogensJEE DifferentiationJEE Conic SectionsJEE Nitrogen-Containing CompoundsJEE ElasticityJEE Practical Organic ChemistryJEE Kinematics - 1D MotionJEE Purification & CharacterisationJEE Binomial Theorem
Ask AI