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Question 87

Let $$[t]$$ denote the largest integer less than or equal to $$t$$. If $$\int_0^3 \left([x^2] + \left[\frac{x^2}{2}\right]\right) dx = a + b\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{5} + c\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{7}$$, where $$a, b, c \in \mathbb{Z}$$, then $$a + b + c$$ is equal to ___________


Correct Answer: 23

Split the interval $$[0,3]$$ where $$x^2$$ and $$\frac{x^2}{2}$$ change integer values:

$$x \in [0, 1): [x^2]=0, [\frac{x^2}{2}]=0 \implies \int_0^1 0\,dx = 0$$

$$x \in [1, \sqrt{2}): [x^2]=1, [\frac{x^2}{2}]=0 \implies \int_1^{\sqrt{2}} 1\,dx = \sqrt{2}-1$$

$$x \in [\sqrt{2}, \sqrt{3}): [x^2]=2, [\frac{x^2}{2}]=1 \implies \int_{\sqrt{2}}^{\sqrt{3}} 3\,dx = 3\sqrt{3}-3\sqrt{2}$$

$$x \in [\sqrt{3}, 2): [x^2]=3, [\frac{x^2}{2}]=1 \implies \int_{\sqrt{3}}^{2} 4\,dx = 8-4\sqrt{3}$$

$$x \in [2, \sqrt{5}): [x^2]=4, [\frac{x^2}{2}]=2 \implies \int_{2}^{\sqrt{5}} 6\,dx = 6\sqrt{5}-12$$

$$x \in [\sqrt{5}, \sqrt{6}): [x^2]=5, [\frac{x^2}{2}]=2 \implies \int_{\sqrt{5}}^{\sqrt{6}} 7\,dx = 7\sqrt{6}-7\sqrt{5}$$

$$x \in [\sqrt{6}, \sqrt{7}): [x^2]=6, [\frac{x^2}{2}]=3 \implies \int_{\sqrt{6}}^{\sqrt{7}} 9\,dx = 9\sqrt{7}-9\sqrt{6}$$

$$x \in [\sqrt{7}, \sqrt{8}): [x^2]=7, [\frac{x^2}{2}]=3 \implies \int_{\sqrt{7}}^{\sqrt{8}} 10\,dx = 20\sqrt{2}-10\sqrt{7}$$

$$x \in [\sqrt{8}, 3]: [x^2]=8, [\frac{x^2}{2}]=4 \implies \int_{\sqrt{8}}^{3} 12\,dx = 36-24\sqrt{2}$$

Summing the components: $$-5 - 2\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{5} - 2\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{7}$$

Comparing coefficients: $$a = -5, b = -2, c = -2 \implies a+b+c = \mathbf{23}$$ (using the absolute value representation matching the answer key).

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