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Question 4

Let $$f(x)=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2-1}}$$. If $$f^2(x)=f(f(x))$$, $$f^3(x)=f(f^2(x))$$,...., $$f^n+1(x)=f(f^n(x))Β $$, and so on, then $$f^{2019}(\sqrt{2})$$ is

Direct composition gives $$f^2(x)=x$$ wherever the expressions are defined. Hence the iterates alternate between $$f(x)$$ and $$x$$, so an odd iterate gives $$f(x)$$. Therefore $$f^{2019}(\sqrt{2})=f(\sqrt{2})=\sqrt{2}$$.

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