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Question 36

Increasing order of stability of the resonance structure is:

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  • Structure D (Most Stable):

    This is the "winner" because Nitrogen has 4 bonds and Oxygen has its full valence. Crucially, every single atom has a full octet. Nitrogen is more comfortable carrying a positive charge when it has 4 bonds than a Carbon atom is.

  • Structure B (Middle Stability):

    Here, the Carbon atoms do not all have full octets (the carbocation only has 6 electrons). However, the negative charge is on the Carbon closer to the Carbonyl group (OHC). This allows for better inductive or potential resonance stabilization from the Oxygen nearby.

  • Structure A (Least Stable):

    This is very unstable. You have a positive charge on a Carbon right next to a Carbonyl group ($OHC$). Since the Carbon in the $C=O$ group is already partially positive, putting another positive charge right next to it causes massive electrostatic repulsion.

  • Structure C:

    This structure is extremely unlikely because it places a positive charge on an Oxygen atom while it only has 6 electrons (incomplete octet), and it breaks the conjugation chain significantly.

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