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Question 67

The coefficient of $$t^4$$ in the expansion of $$\left(\frac{1 - t^6}{1 - t}\right)^3$$ is:

We have to find the coefficient of $$t^4$$ in the expression $$\left(\dfrac{1-t^{6}}{1-t}\right)^3$$.

First, recall the geometric‐series identity

$$\frac{1-x^{n}}{1-x}=1+x+x^{2}+x^{3}+\dots +x^{n-1}.$$

Applying this with $$x=t$$ and $$n=6$$, we get

$$\frac{1-t^{6}}{1-t}=1+t+t^{2}+t^{3}+t^{4}+t^{5}.$$

So our given expression becomes

$$\left(1+t+t^{2}+t^{3}+t^{4}+t^{5}\right)^3.$$

In this product each factor contributes a power of $$t$$ from the set $$\{0,1,2,3,4,5\}$$. To obtain the term $$t^4$$, we must select three exponents (one from each factor) whose sum is exactly $$4$$.

Let those exponents be $$i$$, $$j$$ and $$k$$. Then

$$i+j+k=4,$$

with the restrictions $$0\le i\le5,\;0\le j\le5,\;0\le k\le5.$$ Because the required sum is only $$4$$, every solution automatically satisfies $$i,j,k\le5$$, so we may ignore these upper limits.

The problem of counting ordered triples $$(i,j,k)$$ of non-negative integers satisfying $$i+j+k=4$$ is a standard stars-and-bars problem. The formula is:

Number of non-negative integer solutions of $$x_1+x_2+\dots+x_r = n$$ is $$\binom{n+r-1}{r-1}.$$

Here $$r=3$$ and $$n=4$$, so we have

$$\binom{4+3-1}{3-1}=\binom{6}{2}=15.$$

Each such ordered triple contributes $$1\cdot1\cdot1=1$$ to the coefficient because every individual term in the parenthesis has coefficient $$1$$. Therefore, summing over the $$15$$ different triples, the coefficient of $$t^4$$ is $$15$$.

Hence, the correct answer is Option C.

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