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Question 56

Anange the following alkenes in decreasing order of stability. 

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Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Alkene stability is dictated by the number of $$\alpha$$-hydrogens available for hyperconjugation (more $$\alpha\text{-H}$$ = greater stability) and the degree of substitution.

  1. Structure I (Tetra-substituted alkene):
    • It has 4 methyl groups attached to the double bond.
    • Number of $$\alpha$$-hydrogens = $$4 \times 3 = 12\text{ }\alpha\text{-H}$$
    • Status: Most stable.
      $$\text{}$$
  2. Structure III (Tri-substituted alkene):
    • It has 3 methyl groups and 1 hydrogen atom attached to the double bond.
    • Number of $$\alpha$$-hydrogens = $$3 \times 3 = 9\text{ }\alpha\text{-H}$$
    • Status: Second most stable.
      $$\text{}$$
  3. Structure II and Structure IV (Di-substituted alkenes):
    • Both structures have 2 methyl groups and 2 hydrogen atoms, giving them both $$2 \times 3 = 6\text{ }\alpha\text{-H}$$.
      $$\text{}$$
      Structure II is a trans-alkene (the bulky methyl groups are on opposite sides, minimizing steric hindrance).
      $$\text{}$$
      Structure IV is a cis-alkene (the methyl groups are on the same side, causing steric crowding between them).
      $$\text{}$$
      Because trans-alkenes have less steric strain than cis-alkenes, Structure II is more stable than Structure IV.

Therefore, the correct choice is [C] I > III > II > IV.

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