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Question 54

Aldol condensation is a popular and classical method to prepare $$\alpha,\beta$$-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This reaction can be both intermolecular and intramolecular. Predict which one of the following is not a product of intramolecular aldol condensation?

  • The Product Pattern: An aldol condensation product features an $$\alpha,\beta$$-unsaturated carbonyl core:

    $$-\text{C}(=\text{O})-\text{C}(\alpha)=\text{C}(\beta)-$$

  • Retro-Aldol Strategy (Finding the Precursor): To find the starting material, mentally cleave the double bond ($$=$$) between the $$\alpha$$ and $$\beta$$ carbons:

    • Add two hydrogens ($$\text{H}_2$$) back to the $$\alpha$$-carbon (converting it into an active methylene group, $$-\text{CH}_2-$$).
    • Add one oxygen ($$=\text{O}$$) back to the $$\beta$$-carbon (converting it back into a carbonyl group, $$-\text{C}=\text{O}$$).
  • The Intramolecular Criteria: If both resulting carbonyl groups belong to the same continuous carbon skeleton, the product is formed intramolecularly. If the cleavage yields two separate molecules, it is an intermolecular product.
  • $$\text{}$$

    • Option A: Cleaving the double bond at the ring junction yields a single open-chain diketone molecule. Therefore, it is an intramolecular aldol product.

    • Option B: Cleaving the double bond in the 5-membered ring yields a single aromatic dialdehyde/diketone precursor (2-formylbenzaldehyde derivative). Therefore, it is an intramolecular aldol product.

    • Option C: Cleaving the double bond in the cyclohexenone ring yields a single open-chain dicarbonyl precursor. Therefore, it is an intramolecular aldol product.

    • Option D: This compound features a terminal exocyclic double bond ($$=\text{CH}_2$$) attached to the $\alpha$-carbon. Cleaving this bond breaks the molecule into two separate components: a cyclic ketone and formaldehyde ($$\text{HCHO}$$). Because it requires two independent starting molecules, it cannot be formed via an intramolecular pathway.

    Correct Answer

    Option D (The compound with the terminal exocyclic double bond, $$=\text{CH}_2$$)

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