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When $$800 \text{ mL}$$ of $$0.5M$$ nitric acid is heated in a beaker, its volume is reduced to half and $$11.5 \text{ g}$$ of nitric acid is evaporated. The molarity of the remaining nitric acid solution is $$x \times 10^{-2} \text{ M}$$. (Molar mass of nitric acid is $$63 \text{ g mol}^{-1}$$)
Correct Answer: 54
We need to find the molarity of the remaining nitric acid solution after heating.
Initial volume = $$800 \text{ mL} = 0.8 \text{ L}$$
Initial molarity = $$0.5 \text{ M}$$
$$\text{Initial moles of } HNO_3 = 0.5 \times 0.8 = 0.4 \text{ mol}$$
Mass of nitric acid evaporated = $$11.5 \text{ g}$$
Molar mass of $$HNO_3$$ = $$63 \text{ g/mol}$$
$$\text{Moles evaporated} = \frac{11.5}{63} = \frac{11.5}{63} \approx 0.1825 \text{ mol}$$
$$\text{Remaining moles} = 0.4 - 0.1825 = 0.2175 \text{ mol}$$
The volume is reduced to half:
$$\text{Final volume} = \frac{800}{2} = 400 \text{ mL} = 0.4 \text{ L}$$
$$\text{Molarity} = \frac{\text{Remaining moles}}{\text{Final volume}} = \frac{0.2175}{0.4} = 0.54375 \text{ M}$$
$$\text{Molarity} = 0.54375 \text{ M} \approx 0.54 \text{ M} = 54 \times 10^{-2} \text{ M}$$
Hence, the value of $$x$$ is 54.
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