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Question 19

The output of the given combination gates represents:

We need to determine the logic function represented by the given combination of logic gates.

1. Analyze the Individual Gates

From the schematic on , let's trace the logic level from left to right:

  • First Stage (Input Inverters):

    The two gates at the input have their pins shorted together. A NOR gate with tied inputs functions exactly as a NOT gate.

    • Output of the top gate: $$\overline{A}$$
    • Output of the bottom gate: $$\overline{B}$$
  • Second Stage (Middle NOR Gate):

    The inverted inputs $$\overline{A}$$ and $$\overline{B}$$ are fed into a third NOR gate. The output expression at this stage is:

    $$\text{Output}_{\text{mid}} = \overline{\overline{A} + \overline{B}}$$

    Using De Morgan's Law ($$\overline{X + Y} = \overline{X} \cdot \overline{Y}$$):

    $$\text{Output}_{\text{mid}} = \overline{\overline{A}} \cdot \overline{\overline{B}} = A \cdot B \quad \text{(An AND operation)}$$

  • Third Stage (Final Output Inverter):

    The signal $$A \cdot B$$ passes through a final NOR gate that also has its inputs shorted together, acting as another NOT gate:

    $$Y = \overline{A \cdot B}$$

2. Identify the Resulting Boolean Expression

The overall output Boolean expression is:

$$Y = \overline{A \cdot B}$$

This expression represents the standard logic operation of a NAND Gate.

Conclusion

The output of the given combination of gates represents a NAND Gate, which corresponds to Option B.

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