GMAT Math Formulas: Download Free PDF for Quant Preparation

GMAT Math Formulas PDF Free Download

The GMAT Quantitative Reasoning section contains 21 questions to be completed in 45 minutes. It primarily tests arithmetic, algebra, and mathematical reasoning. You can download the GMAT Math Formulas PDF to revise important formulas for percentages, ratios, equations, exponents, and number properties without going through lengthy notes.

Use these topic-wise formula sheets alongside practice questions to identify calculation errors, strengthen your understanding of mathematical concepts, and improve formula recall during mock tests.

GMAT Syllabus 2026: Section-Wise Overview

Important GMAT Quant Formulas for 2026

The GMAT Quantitative Reasoning section consists entirely of Problem Solving questions. It tests arithmetic, elementary algebra, and the ability to apply mathematical concepts through logical reasoning. Calculators are not permitted in this section, making accurate calculations and a strong understanding of basic formulas important.

Start your revision with these important GMAT Quant formulas.

Percentage Change:

Percentage Change = New Value − Original Value Original Value × 100

Quadratic Equation:

For ax² + bx + c = 0,

x = −b ± √(b² − 4ac) 2a   where a ≠ 0.

Average:

Average = Sum of Observations Number of Observations

Simple Interest:

SI = P × R × T 100

Where P = Principal, R = Annual Interest Rate, and T = Time in Years.

Speed:

Speed = Distance Time

Profit Percentage:

Profit Percentage = Profit Cost Price × 100

These formulas are useful across different types of GMAT Quant questions. For example, the percentage change formula helps solve questions involving price changes, discounts, profit, and growth. The quadratic formula helps find the roots of an equation when factorisation is not straightforward.

However, important math formulas for GMAT preparation are not limited to these examples. You should also revise fractions, ratios, exponents, inequalities, and number properties. Understanding when and how to apply a formula is more important than memorising it alone.

Attempting the Free GMAT Mock Test is one of the best ways for candidates to understand the GMAT Quant exam format. It also helps candidates understand their current GMAT score level and how it compares to the scores achieved by batches at top business schools around the world.

GMAT Quant Formula Sheets: Topic-Wise PDFs

Use the following GMAT Quant Formula Cheat Sheet resources to organise your revision. The formula sheets are divided into seven major topics, covering important arithmetic, algebra, and word problem concepts.

Each PDF contains formulas and shortcuts related to its respective topic. You can download individual PDFs based on your preparation requirements instead of going through the entire formula book.

These topic-wise PDFs can help you focus on specific areas during preparation. For example, if you frequently make mistakes in percentage calculations, revise the Arithmetic PDF before attempting another practice set. Similarly, if you struggle with equations or inequalities, use the Algebra PDF to review the relevant formulas.

GMAT Courses by 100 Percentiler provide candidates with highly GMAT-relevant study materials, curated by experts and top scorers.

GMAT Arithmetic Formulas for Quick Revision

Arithmetic covers numerical relationships and calculations. These concepts frequently appear in word problems, so understanding their applications is more useful than memorising expressions alone.

Percentages: Percentage = Part Whole × 100. For a 20% increase, multiply the original value by 1.20.

Ratios: If a:b = m:n, write a = km and b = kn. This helps when a question gives a ratio and the total.

Profit and Loss:
Profit Percentage = Profit Cost Price × 100.
Loss Percentage = Loss Cost Price × 100.

Simple Interest: SI = P × R × T 100 , where P is the principal, R is the annual interest rate, and T is time in years.

Averages: Average = Sum of Observations Number of Observations . Therefore, Sum = Average × Number of Observations.

Speed and Distance: Speed = Distance Time . Convert units before comparing speeds or travel times.

Time and Work: If a person completes a job in x days, their daily work rate = 1 x . Add individual rates to calculate combined work when people work together.

Probability: For equally likely outcomes, P(E) = Number of Favourable Outcomes Total Number of Equally Likely Outcomes .

Number Properties: Revise prime numbers, odd and even numbers, divisibility, factors, multiples, and remainders.

While revising important arithmetic formulas for GMAT, solve questions that combine two or more concepts. A single problem may involve ratios and percentages or averages and weighted averages. Practising these combinations helps you identify efficient methods instead of relying on lengthy calculations.

The following table outlines important GMAT Quant topics and their general revision priorities.

These priorities are general recommendations. You should also consider your individual strengths and weaknesses when deciding how much time to spend on each topic.

Use your GMAT mock test results to identify areas that need additional practice. If arithmetic questions take too long, work on mental calculations and numerical relationships. If algebra causes repeated errors, practise translating word problems into equations.

Candidates looking for personalised guidance, structured study plans, profile evaluation, b-school shortlisting and other expert support are encouraged to check out GMAT Expert Mentorship

GMAT Algebra Formulas for Quant Preparation

Algebra tests how well you translate information into equations and solve for unknown values. The questions may look simple, but the challenge often lies in identifying relationships between variables and avoiding unnecessary calculations.

Revise these important algebra formulas for GMAT Quantitative Reasoning.

Linear Equations: For ax + b = c, x = c − b a , where a ≠ 0. Practice questions involving ages, prices, and unknown quantities.

Quadratic Equations: For ax² + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, use factorisation or the quadratic formula to find the roots.

Difference of Squares: a² − b² = (a − b)(a + b). This identity helps simplify expressions and factorise equations.

Square of a Sum: (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b². Remember that the middle term cannot be omitted.

Laws of Exponents: a^m × aⁿ = a^m+n and a^m aⁿ = a^m−n, where a ≠ 0.

Inequalities: When multiplying or dividing both sides by a negative number, reverse the inequality sign. If a > b, then −a < −b.

Absolute Value: |x| = a implies x = a or x = −a, where a > 0.

Arithmetic Sequence: a_n = a₁ + (n − 1)d, where d is the common difference.

Also practise simultaneous equations, algebraic fractions, basic functions, and word problems involving unknown variables. Focus on recognising the structure of an expression before applying a formula.

For example, a word problem involving ages or prices may require only a simple linear equation, while a question involving two unknown quantities may require simultaneous equations. Understanding these relationships helps you choose the correct approach and avoid unnecessary calc

Candidates looking for specific Quant guidance should check out GMAT Quant Courses by 100 Percentiler

How to Revise GMAT Math Formulas Before the Exam?

A GMAT Quant Formula Cheat Sheet is most useful when you apply the formulas regularly. Refer to the PDF while learning a topic, but gradually practise solving familiar questions without looking at it.

Follow these steps to make formula revision more effective:

• Revise one topic at a time. Read the formulas for percentages, ratios, or equations before attempting a short practice set.
• Solve questions without looking at the PDF. Recall the formula first, then check the sheet if you get stuck. This helps identify formulas that need further revision.
• Take topic-wise tests. Complete a set of arithmetic or algebra questions under a time limit. Record questions that required too much calculation.
• Attempt timed Quant section tests. Practise completing 21 questions in 45 minutes, which gives you an average of approximately 2 minutes and 9 seconds per question. However, the time required for individual questions may vary.
• Analyse mistakes after every mock. Separate formula errors from calculation mistakes, incorrect interpretations, and inefficient approaches. Also identify questions where you spent too much time without making progress. Revise the relevant topic before taking another test.
• Practise answer-choice elimination. Estimate the answer where possible, substitute options when appropriate, and eliminate choices that contradict the question. Avoid lengthy calculations when a shorter method works.
• Maintain a formula error log. Write down the formula you forgot, the mistake you made, and the correct approach. Review this list every few days.

As you become more comfortable with the formulas, focus on applying them to questions involving multiple concepts. This will help you recognise mathematical relationships faster and improve your problem-solving efficiency.

Conclusion

Effective time management is important in GMAT Quantitative Reasoning. Avoid spending too much time on a difficult question without making progress. If your approach is not working, reassess the method, use answer choices strategically, or make an informed decision based on the time remaining.

The current GMAT also provides a Question Review and Edit feature. Candidates can bookmark questions during the section and return to them after answering all 21 questions, provided time remains. They can review their responses and change up to three answers before the section ends.

Most importantly, regular problem-solving practice makes formulas easier to recall and apply. During your final revision, use the GMAT Quantitative Reasoning Formulas sheet alongside topic-wise tests and full-length mocks. Repeated application will help you recognise patterns, calculate efficiently, and make better decisions under exam pressure.