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Suppose $$a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$$ be an arithmetic progression of natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum of the first five terms to the sum of first nine terms of the progression is $$5:12$$and $$110 < a_{15} < 120$$, then the sum of the first ten terms of the progression is equal to
Let the first term of the AP be $$a$$ and the common difference be $$d$$. Since it is an AP of natural numbers, both $$a$$ and $$d$$ are positive integers.
The sum of the first $$n$$ terms of an AP is $$S_n = \dfrac{n}{2}(2a + (n-1)d)$$.
$$S_5 = \dfrac{5}{2}(2a + 4d) = 5(a + 2d)$$
$$S_9 = \dfrac{9}{2}(2a + 8d) = 9(a + 4d)$$
Given $$\dfrac{S_5}{S_9} = \dfrac{5}{12}$$:
$$\dfrac{5(a + 2d)}{9(a + 4d)} = \dfrac{5}{12}$$
$$12(a + 2d) = 9(a + 4d)$$
$$12a + 24d = 9a + 36d$$
$$3a = 12d$$
$$a = 4d$$
Since $$a$$ and $$d$$ are natural numbers, the smallest possible value is $$d = 1$$ and $$a = 4$$.
The AP is $$4, 5, 6, 7, 8, \ldots$$ — all natural numbers, as required.
We can verify: $$S_5 = 5(4 + 2) = 30$$ and $$S_9 = 9(4 + 4) = 72$$. The ratio $$\dfrac{30}{72} = \dfrac{5}{12}$$. Correct.
The sum of the first term and the common difference is $$a + d = 4 + 1 = 5$$.
The answer is Option C: $$5$$.
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