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Consider the following equation:
$$2\text{SO}_2(g) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{SO}_3(g), \Delta H = -190$$ kJ.
The number of factors which will increase the yield of SO$$_3$$ at equilibrium from the following is ______.
A. Increasing temperature
B. Increasing pressure
C. Adding more SO$$_2$$
D. Adding more O$$_2$$
E. Addition of catalyst
Correct Answer: 3
We have the reaction
$$2\text{SO}_2(g) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{SO}_3(g), \quad \Delta H = -190 \text{ kJ}$$This is an exothermic reaction with 3 moles of gaseous reactants producing 2 moles of gaseous products. We analyze each factor using Le Chatelier's principle.
Case A: Increasing temperature shifts an exothermic equilibrium backward, decreasing the yield of SO$$_3$$.
Case B: Increasing pressure favours the side with fewer moles of gas (product side with 2 moles vs. 3 moles on the reactant side), so it increases the yield.
Case C: Adding more SO$$_2$$ shifts the equilibrium forward, increasing the yield of SO$$_3$$.
Case D: Adding more O$$_2$$ also shifts the equilibrium forward, increasing the yield.
Case E: Adding a catalyst increases the rate of both forward and backward reactions equally, so it does not affect the equilibrium position or yield.
The factors that increase the yield of SO$$_3$$ are B, C, and D. Hence, the number of factors is $$3$$. So, the answer is $$3$$.
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