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Question 40

Calamine and Malachite, respectively, are the ores of:

First, let us recall the basic fact that different naturally occurring minerals serve as the chief sources (ores) of various metals. An ore is a mineral from which the metal can be extracted economically.

We have the mineral Calamine. Chemically, calamine is represented as $$\text{ZnCO}_3$$, that is, zinc carbonate. Because the formula contains the metal zinc (Zn), it is classified as the principal ore of zinc.

Now we consider Malachite. The chemical formula of malachite is $$\text{CuCO}_3\cdot\text{Cu(OH)}_2$$, often written more compactly as $$\text{Cu}_2(\text{OH})_2\text{CO}_3$$. In both notations, the symbol Cu stands for copper. Thus malachite is a carbonate-hydroxide ore of copper.

So, summarising the identifications:

$$\text{Calamine} \; ( \text{ZnCO}_3 ) \longrightarrow \text{Ore of Zinc}$$

$$\text{Malachite} \; ( \text{Cu}_2(\text{OH})_2\text{CO}_3 ) \longrightarrow \text{Ore of Copper}$$

Looking at the options, the pair “Zinc and Copper” appears in Option B, which exactly matches the order of the ores given in the question (“Calamine and Malachite, respectively”).

Hence, the correct answer is Option B.

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