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A current of 5 A passes through a copper conductor (resistivity = $$1.7 \times 10^{-8}$$ Ω m) of radius of cross-section 5 mm. Find the mobility of the charges if their drift velocity is $$1.1 \times 10^{-3}$$ ms$$^{-1}$$.
We have a current $$I = 5\ \text{A}$$ passing through a copper wire whose resistivity is given as $$\rho = 1.7 \times 10^{-8}\ \Omega\,\text{m}$$. The radius of the circular cross-section is $$r = 5\ \text{mm}$$, which in SI units is
$$r = 5\ \text{mm} = 5 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{m}.$$
The drift velocity of the charge carriers is provided as $$v_d = 1.1 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{m s}^{-1}$$. We wish to find the mobility $$\mu$$ of these carriers.
First, we recall the relation between mobility, drift velocity and electric field:
$$\mu = \frac{v_d}{E}.$$
Therefore, we must determine the electric field $$E$$ inside the conductor. Ohm’s microscopic form gives us
$$E = \rho J,$$
where $$J$$ is the current density. Current density itself is defined by
$$J = \frac{I}{A},$$
with $$A$$ being the cross-sectional area of the wire. Because the cross-section is a circle, its area is
$$A = \pi r^2.$$
Substituting the numerical value of the radius, we get
$$A = \pi \left(5 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{m}\right)^2 = \pi \times 25 \times 10^{-6}\ \text{m}^2 = 25\pi \times 10^{-6}\ \text{m}^2.$$ Numerically,
$$A = 25 \times 3.1416 \times 10^{-6}\ \text{m}^2 \approx 78.54 \times 10^{-6}\ \text{m}^2 = 7.85 \times 10^{-5}\ \text{m}^2.$$
Now we find the current density:
$$J = \frac{I}{A} = \frac{5\ \text{A}}{7.85 \times 10^{-5}\ \text{m}^2} \approx 6.37 \times 10^{4}\ \text{A m}^{-2}.$$
Next, we calculate the electric field using $$E = \rho J$$:
$$E = (1.7 \times 10^{-8}\ \Omega\,\text{m}) \left(6.37 \times 10^{4}\ \text{A m}^{-2}\right) = 1.7 \times 6.37 \times 10^{-8 + 4}\ \text{V m}^{-1} = 10.829 \times 10^{-4}\ \text{V m}^{-1} \approx 1.08 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{V m}^{-1}.$$
Finally, we obtain the mobility:
$$\mu = \frac{v_d}{E} = \frac{1.1 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{m s}^{-1}} {1.08 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{V m}^{-1}} \approx 1.02\ \text{m}^2 \text{V}^{-1} \text{s}^{-1}.$$
Rounding to one significant figure, $$\mu \approx 1.0\ \text{m}^2 \text{V}^{-1} \text{s}^{-1}$$, which matches the third option in the list.
Hence, the correct answer is Option C.
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