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Question 1

If the percentage errors in measuring the length and the diameter of a wire are $$0.1\%$$ each. The percentage error in measuring its resistance will be:

We need to find the percentage error in measuring the resistance of a wire, given percentage errors in length and diameter measurements.

The resistance of a wire is given by $$R = \frac{\rho L}{A}$$, where $$\rho$$ is the resistivity, $$L$$ is the length, and $$A$$ is the cross-sectional area. For a circular wire with diameter $$d$$, $$A = \frac{\pi d^2}{4}$$. Therefore, $$R = \frac{\rho L}{\frac{\pi d^2}{4}} = \frac{4\rho L}{\pi d^2}$$.

To determine the propagation of error for $$R = \frac{4\rho L}{\pi d^2}$$ (with $$\rho$$ treated as a constant), we take the natural logarithm: $$\ln R = \ln(4\rho/\pi) + \ln L - 2\ln d$$. Differentiating yields $$\frac{\Delta R}{R} = \frac{\Delta L}{L} + 2\frac{\Delta d}{d}$$, where absolute values are taken to represent maximum error.

Given that $$\frac{\Delta L}{L}\times100 = 0.1\%$$ and $$\frac{\Delta d}{d}\times100 = 0.1\%$$, it follows that $$\frac{\Delta R}{R}\times100 = 0.1\% + 2\times0.1\% = 0.3\%$$.

The percentage error in measuring the resistance is 0.3%. Hence the correct answer is Option (2): 0.3%.

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