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For any two points $$M$$ and $$N$$ in the $$XY$$-plane, let $$\overrightarrow{MN}$$ denote the vector from $$M$$ to $$N$$, and $$\vec{0}$$ denote the zero vector. Let $$P, Q$$ and $$R$$ be three distinct points in the $$XY$$-plane. Let $$S$$ be a point inside the triangle $$\triangle PQR$$ such that
$$\overrightarrow{SP} + 5\,\overrightarrow{SQ} + 6\,\overrightarrow{SR} = \vec{0}.$$
Let $$E$$ and $$F$$ be the mid-points of the sides $$PR$$ and $$QR$$, respectively. Then the value of
$$\frac{\text{length of the line segment } EF}{\text{length of the line segment } ES}$$
is ________.
Correct Answer: 1.15-1.25
Let the position vectors of the vertices be $$\mathbf{p},\;\mathbf{q},\;\mathbf{r}$$ for the points $$P,\;Q,\;R$$ respectively, and let $$\mathbf{s}$$ be the position vector of the point $$S$$.
The given vector condition is
$$\overrightarrow{SP}+5\,\overrightarrow{SQ}+6\,\overrightarrow{SR}=\vec{0}.$$
Using $$\overrightarrow{SP}=\mathbf{p}-\mathbf{s},\;\overrightarrow{SQ}=\mathbf{q}-\mathbf{s},\;\overrightarrow{SR}=\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{s},$$ we get
$$\bigl(\mathbf{p}-\mathbf{s}\bigr)+5\bigl(\mathbf{q}-\mathbf{s}\bigr)+6\bigl(\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{s}\bigr)=\vec{0}.$$
Simplifying,
$$\mathbf{p}+5\mathbf{q}+6\mathbf{r}-12\mathbf{s}= \vec{0}\;\Longrightarrow\;
\mathbf{s}= \dfrac{\mathbf{p}+5\mathbf{q}+6\mathbf{r}}{12}.$$
Next, let $$E$$ and $$F$$ be the mid-points of $$PR$$ and $$QR$$.
Mid-point position vectors:
$$\mathbf{e}= \dfrac{\mathbf{p}+\mathbf{r}}{2}, \qquad
\mathbf{f}= \dfrac{\mathbf{q}+\mathbf{r}}{2}.$$
Length of $$EF$$
$$\overrightarrow{EF}= \mathbf{f}-\mathbf{e}=
\dfrac{\mathbf{q}+\mathbf{r}}{2}-\dfrac{\mathbf{p}+\mathbf{r}}{2}
=\dfrac{\mathbf{q}-\mathbf{p}}{2}.$$
Hence $$|EF|=\dfrac{1}{2}\,|\mathbf{q}-\mathbf{p}|.$$
Length of $$ES$$
$$\overrightarrow{ES}= \mathbf{s}-\mathbf{e}
=\dfrac{\mathbf{p}+5\mathbf{q}+6\mathbf{r}}{12}-\dfrac{\mathbf{p}+\mathbf{r}}{2}
=\dfrac{\mathbf{p}+5\mathbf{q}+6\mathbf{r}-6\mathbf{p}-6\mathbf{r}}{12}
=\dfrac{-5\mathbf{p}+5\mathbf{q}}{12}
=\dfrac{5}{12}\,(\mathbf{q}-\mathbf{p}).$$
Therefore $$|ES|=\dfrac{5}{12}\,|\mathbf{q}-\mathbf{p}|.$$
Required ratio
$$\dfrac{|EF|}{|ES|}=
\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\,|\mathbf{q}-\mathbf{p}|}{\dfrac{5}{12}\,|\mathbf{q}-\mathbf{p}|}
=\dfrac{1}{2}\times\dfrac{12}{5}
=\dfrac{6}{5}=1.2.$$
Hence, $$\dfrac{\text{length of }EF}{\text{length of }ES}=1.2,$$ which lies in the range 1.15-1.25.
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