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Let $$f(x) = \frac{x^2 - x}{x^2 + 2x}$$, $$x \neq 0, -2$$. Then $$\frac{d}{dx}\left[f^{-1}(x)\right]$$ (wherever it is defined) is equal to:
We are given the function $$ f(x) = \frac{x^2 - x}{x^2 + 2x} $$ for $$ x \neq 0, -2 $$. First, we simplify this function by factoring both the numerator and the denominator.
The numerator is $$ x^2 - x = x(x - 1) $$. The denominator is $$ x^2 + 2x = x(x + 2) $$. Substituting these factorizations, we get:
$$ f(x) = \frac{x(x - 1)}{x(x + 2)} $$
Since $$ x \neq 0 $$, we can cancel the $$ x $$ in the numerator and denominator:
$$ f(x) = \frac{x - 1}{x + 2} $$
Now, we need to find the derivative of the inverse function, $$ \frac{d}{dx} [f^{-1}(x)] $$. To do this, we first find the inverse function $$ f^{-1}(x) $$. Set $$ y = f(x) = \frac{x - 1}{x + 2} $$. We solve for $$ x $$ in terms of $$ y $$:
$$ y = \frac{x - 1}{x + 2} $$
Multiply both sides by $$ x + 2 $$:
$$ y(x + 2) = x - 1 $$
Expand the left side:
$$ yx + 2y = x - 1 $$
Bring all terms involving $$ x $$ to one side and constants to the other:
$$ yx - x = -1 - 2y $$
Factor out $$ x $$ on the left:
$$ x(y - 1) = -1 - 2y $$
Solve for $$ x $$:
$$ x = \frac{-1 - 2y}{y - 1} $$
Simplify by factoring out $$-1$$ in both numerator and denominator:
$$ x = \frac{-(1 + 2y)}{-(1 - y)} = \frac{1 + 2y}{1 - y} $$
Thus, the inverse function is $$ f^{-1}(x) = \frac{1 + 2x}{1 - x} $$.
Next, we differentiate $$ f^{-1}(x) $$ with respect to $$ x $$. Let $$ g(x) = f^{-1}(x) = \frac{1 + 2x}{1 - x} $$. We use the quotient rule for differentiation: if $$ g(x) = \frac{u}{v} $$, then $$ g'(x) = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2} $$, where $$ u = 1 + 2x $$ and $$ v = 1 - x $$.
Compute the derivatives: $$ u' = \frac{d}{dx}(1 + 2x) = 2 $$ and $$ v' = \frac{d}{dx}(1 - x) = -1 $$.
Apply the quotient rule:
$$ g'(x) = \frac{(2)(1 - x) - (1 + 2x)(-1)}{(1 - x)^2} $$
Simplify the numerator:
$$ 2(1 - x) - (1 + 2x)(-1) = 2 - 2x + (1 + 2x) $$
Because subtracting a negative is addition:
$$ = 2 - 2x + 1 + 2x = 3 $$
The $$ -2x $$ and $$ +2x $$ cancel out, leaving:
$$ g'(x) = \frac{3}{(1 - x)^2} $$
Therefore, $$ \frac{d}{dx} [f^{-1}(x)] = \frac{3}{(1 - x)^2} $$.
Comparing with the options:
A. $$ \frac{-1}{(1-x)^2} $$
B. $$ \frac{3}{(1-x)^2} $$
C. $$ \frac{1}{(1-x)^2} $$
D. $$ \frac{-3}{(1-x)^2} $$
Our result matches option B.
Hence, the correct answer is Option B.
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