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Question Stem
Three numbers are chosen at random, one after another with replacement, from the set $$S = \left\{1, 2, 3, …, 100 \right\}$$. Let $$p_1$$ be the probability that the maximum of chosen numbers is at least 81 and $$p_2$$ be the probability that the minimum of chosen numbers is at most 40.
Each draw is uniform on $$\{1,2,\dots ,100\}$$ and the three draws are independent.
Step 1 Find $$p_1$$.
Let $$M$$ be the maximum of the three chosen numbers.
It is easier to use the complement: $$P(M \ge 81)=1-P(M\le 80)$$.
For $$M\le 80$$, every draw must fall in $$\{1,2,\dots ,80\}$$.
Probability that one draw is $$\le 80$$ is $$\frac{80}{100}=0.8$$.
Because the draws are with replacement,
$$P(M\le 80)=0.8^3=0.512.$$
Hence
$$p_1 = 1-0.512 = 0.488.$$
Step 2 Multiply by $$\frac{625}{4}$$.
First note $$\frac{625}{4}=156.25$$.
Compute
$$\frac{625}{4}\,p_1 = 156.25 \times 0.488.$$
Using simple multiplication:
$$156.25 \times 0.488
= 156.25 \times \left(0.5-0.012\right)
= 78.125 - 1.875
= 76.25.$$
Answer: $$\frac{625}{4}\,p_1 = 76.25,$$ which lies in the required range $$76.10-76.40$$.
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