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Question 44

The secondary valency and the number of hydrogen bonded water molecule(s) in CuSO$$_4$$ . 5H$$_2$$O, respectively, are :

In $$\text{CuSO}_4 \cdot 5\text{H}_2\text{O}$$, the copper(II) ion acts as a central metal ion. In Werner's description of this salt, four water molecules coordinate directly to $$\text{Cu}^{2+}$$ as ligands, giving the coordination formula $$[\text{Cu}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_4]\text{SO}_4 \cdot \text{H}_2\text{O}$$. The secondary valency (coordination number) of copper is therefore 4.

The fifth water molecule is not directly bonded to copper. Instead, it is held in the crystal lattice through hydrogen bonds to the coordinated water molecules and the sulphate ion. This is the hydrogen-bonded water molecule.

Therefore the secondary valency is 4 and the number of hydrogen-bonded water molecules is 1, matching option (2).

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