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Question 36

The correct order of viscosity of the following liquids will be :

The viscosity of a liquid depends on the strength of intermolecular forces and the molecular size and shape. Stronger intermolecular forces, especially hydrogen bonding, lead to higher viscosity. Let's analyze each liquid:

First, glycerol (C₃H₈O₃) has three hydroxyl groups (-OH) per molecule, allowing extensive hydrogen bonding. Its large size and multiple hydrogen-bonding sites result in very high viscosity.

Second, water (H₂O) has two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs on oxygen, enabling strong hydrogen bonding. However, it has fewer hydrogen-bonding sites per molecule compared to glycerol, so its viscosity is lower than glycerol but higher than many other liquids.

Third, methyl alcohol (CH₃OH) has one hydroxyl group, so it can form hydrogen bonds, but the non-polar methyl group reduces the overall intermolecular forces. Thus, its viscosity is lower than water.

Fourth, dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃) has no hydrogen-bonding capability because its oxygen is bonded to two carbon atoms, and hydrogens are attached to carbons. It relies only on weaker dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces, giving it the lowest viscosity.

Therefore, the order of increasing viscosity is: dimethyl ether (lowest) → methyl alcohol → water → glycerol (highest).

Now, comparing with the options:

  • Option A: Water < methyl alcohol < dimethyl ether < glycerol → Incorrect, as dimethyl ether should be the least viscous.
  • Option B: methyl alcohol < glycerol < water < dimethyl ether → Incorrect, as glycerol should be the most viscous.
  • Option C: dimethyl ether < methyl alcohol < water < glycerol → Matches our order.
  • Option D: glycerol < dimethyl ether < water < methyl alcohol → Incorrect, as glycerol is the most viscous.

Hence, the correct answer is Option C.

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