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The compound which will have the lowest rate towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution on treatment with OH$$^-$$ is
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution is facilitated by electron-withdrawing groups (especially at ortho and para positions) which stabilize the intermediate carbanion (Meisenheimer complex).
The order of reactivity towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution:
- p-NO₂ chlorobenzene > o-NO₂ chlorobenzene > m-NO₂ chlorobenzene > chlorobenzene
NO₂ at para and ortho positions activate nucleophilic substitution by stabilizing the negative charge in the Meisenheimer complex through resonance.
NO₂ at meta position provides only inductive withdrawal, so it's less effective.
Chlorobenzene without any NO₂ group has the lowest rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
The correct answer is Option 3: Chlorobenzene (no NO₂).
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