Sign in
Please select an account to continue using cracku.in
↓ →
Join Our JEE Preparation Group
Prep with like-minded aspirants; Get access to free daily tests and study material.
If Z is the compressibility factor, then Van der Waal's equation at low pressure can be written as:
We start from the Van der Waals equation for one mole of a real gas
$$\left(P + \frac{a}{V^{2}}\right)\,(V - b)=RT$$
where $$P$$ is the pressure, $$V$$ is the molar volume, $$T$$ is the absolute temperature, $$R$$ is the gas constant, and the constants $$a$$ and $$b$$ account for intermolecular attraction and finite molecular size respectively.
At very low pressure the molar volume $$V$$ becomes very large. Because of this largeness, the correction term $$b$$ (which is a small volume) is negligible in comparison with $$V$$. So we drop $$b$$ but we keep the attractive term containing $$a$$, as its effect can still be significant even when the gas is dilute. Therefore the equation simplifies to
$$\left(P + \frac{a}{V^{2}}\right)V = RT$$
Now we expand the left-hand side:
$$P\,V + \frac{a}{V} = RT$$
We wish to obtain the compressibility factor $$Z$$, which is defined for one mole as
$$Z = \frac{P\,V}{R\,T}$$
Re-arranging the simplified Van der Waals expression to isolate $$P\,V$$ gives
$$P\,V = RT - \frac{a}{V}$$
Dividing every term of this equality by $$R\,T$$ we obtain
$$\frac{P\,V}{R\,T} = 1 - \frac{a}{V\,R\,T}$$
The left-hand side is precisely the definition of $$Z$$, so we can write
$$Z = 1 - \frac{a}{V\,R\,T}$$
This expression matches option B in the list provided.
Hence, the correct answer is Option B.
Create a FREE account and get:
Predict your JEE Main percentile, rank & performance in seconds
Educational materials for JEE preparation
Ask our AI anything
AI can make mistakes. Please verify important information.
AI can make mistakes. Please verify important information.