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The pair from the following pairs having both compounds with net non-zero dipole moment is
We need to find the pair where both compounds have a net non-zero dipole moment.
We start by noting that
A molecule has a non-zero dipole moment when the bond dipoles do not cancel due to molecular asymmetry. Symmetric molecules (like linear CO$$_2$$, benzene, para-dichlorobenzene, trans-butene) have zero dipole moments.
Next,
Option 1: 1,4-Dichlorobenzene and 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (para): The two C-Cl bond dipoles are equal and opposite, cancelling exactly. Dipole moment = 0.
1,3-Dichlorobenzene (meta): The bond dipoles do not cancel. Dipole moment is non-zero.
Not both non-zero.
Option 2: cis-butene and trans-butene
cis-2-butene: The two CH$$_3$$ groups are on the same side, creating asymmetry. Has a small but non-zero dipole moment.
trans-2-butene: The CH$$_3$$ groups are on opposite sides, and the molecule has a centre of symmetry. Dipole moment = 0.
Not both non-zero.
Option 3: CH$$_2$$Cl$$_2$$ and CHCl$$_3$$
CH$$_2$$Cl$$_2$$ (dichloromethane): Tetrahedral with 2 H and 2 Cl -- asymmetric arrangement. Has a dipole moment of 1.60 D. Non-zero.
CHCl$$_3$$ (chloroform): Tetrahedral with 1 H and 3 Cl -- asymmetric. Has a dipole moment of 1.04 D. Non-zero.
Both have non-zero dipole moments.
Option 4: Benzene and anisidine
Benzene is perfectly symmetric with zero dipole moment.
Not both non-zero.
The correct answer is Option 3: CH$$_2$$Cl$$_2$$, CHCl$$_3$$.
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