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Question 12

A cube of side $$a$$ has point charges +Q located at each of its vertices except at the origin where the charge is -Q. The electric field at the centre of cube is: 

image

Using x, y, z components only:

Take the corner with charge −Q as origin

(0,0,0)

Center of cube is at

$$\left(\frac{a}{2},\frac{a}{2},\frac{a}{2}\right)$$

First imagine all 8 corners have charge +Q.
By symmetry, electric field at cube center is zero.

Now replacing the +Q at origin by −Q is equivalent to adding an extra charge

−2Q

at origin.

So net field at center is simply field due to charge −2Q at origin.

Distance of center from origin:

$$r=\frac{\sqrt{3}a}{2}$$

Magnitude of field:

$$E=\frac{k(2Q)}{r^2}​=\frac{8kQ}{3a^2}$$

Direction is from center toward origin, i.e. along

(−1,−1,−1)

Unit vector in this direction:

$$\left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}},-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}},-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)$$

So components are

$$E_x=-\frac{8kQ}{3\sqrt{3}a^2}$$

$$E_y=-\frac{8kQ}{3\sqrt{3}a^2}$$

$$E_z=-\frac{8kQ}{3\sqrt{3}a^2}$$

Hence field is

$$(E_x,E_y,E_z)=\left(-\frac{8kQ}{3\sqrt{3}a^2},-\frac{8kQ}{3\sqrt{3}a^2},-\frac{8kQ}{3\sqrt{3}a^2}\right)$$

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