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A point $$z$$ moves in the complex plane such that $$\arg\left(\frac{z-2}{z+2}\right) = \frac{\pi}{4}$$, then the minimum value of $$|z - 9\sqrt{2} - 2i|^2$$ is equal to _________.
Correct Answer: 98
Let us denote the moving point by $$z=x+iy,\;x,y\in\mathbb R.$$
We are given the condition
$$\arg\!\left(\dfrac{z-2}{z+2}\right)=\dfrac{\pi}{4}.$$
For any complex number $$w=u+iv,$$ the argument equality $$\arg w=\dfrac{\pi}{4}$$ is equivalent to
$$\dfrac{\Im w}{\Re w}=\tan\dfrac{\pi}{4}=1 \quad\text{and}\quad \Re w>0.$$
So we must have
$$\Im\!\left(\dfrac{z-2}{z+2}\right)=\Re\!\left(\dfrac{z-2}{z+2}\right).$$
We now evaluate the real and imaginary parts of $$\dfrac{z-2}{z+2}.$$ Substituting $$z=x+iy$$, we get
$$\frac{z-2}{z+2}=\frac{(x-2)+iy}{(x+2)+iy}.$$
Multiply numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator, $$(x+2)-iy,$$ to rationalise:
$$\frac{(x-2)+iy}{(x+2)+iy}\; \cdot\; \frac{(x+2)-iy}{(x+2)-iy} =\frac{[(x-2)(x+2)+y^{2}] + i[\,y(x+2)-y(x-2)\,]} {(x+2)^2+y^{2}}.$$
Calculating the two parts separately, we find
$$\begin{aligned} (x-2)(x+2)+y^{2}&=x^{2}-4+y^{2},\\ y(x+2)-y(x-2)&=y(x+2-x+2)=4y. \end{aligned}$$
Hence
$$\frac{z-2}{z+2} =\frac{\,x^{2}+y^{2}-4 + i\,4y\,}{x^{2}+y^{2}+4x+4}.$$
Therefore,
$$\Re\!\left(\frac{z-2}{z+2}\right)=\frac{x^{2}+y^{2}-4}{x^{2}+y^{2}+4x+4},\qquad \Im\!\left(\frac{z-2}{z+2}\right)=\frac{4y}{x^{2}+y^{2}+4x+4}.$$
Setting the imaginary part equal to the real part we obtain
$$\frac{4y}{x^{2}+y^{2}+4x+4} =\frac{x^{2}+y^{2}-4}{x^{2}+y^{2}+4x+4}.$$
The common denominator cancels out, leaving
$$4y=x^{2}+y^{2}-4.$$
Rearranging,
$$x^{2}+y^{2}-4y-4=0.$$
To recognise the geometrical locus, we complete the square in $$y$$:
$$y^{2}-4y=(y-2)^{2}-4,$$ so that
$$x^{2}+(y-2)^{2}-4-4=0 \;\Longrightarrow\; x^{2}+(y-2)^{2}=8.$$
Thus the point $$z$$ moves on the circle with centre $$C(0,2)$$ and radius
$$R=\sqrt{8}=2\sqrt2.$$
Next, we must minimise the squared distance
$$|\,z-9\sqrt2-2i\,|^{2}.$$
The fixed point whose distance from $$z$$ is being measured is
$$Q(9\sqrt2,\,2).$$
Notice that both the centre $$C(0,2)$$ of the circle and the point $$Q$$ have the same $$y$$-coordinate $$2$$. Hence the line $$y=2$$ is the line through both the centre and the fixed point. In such a situation, the closest point on the circle to $$Q$$ lies on the segment $$CQ$$ and is simply the point where that line meets the circle on the near side.
The distance between the centre and $$Q$$ is purely horizontal:
$$CQ=9\sqrt2-0=9\sqrt2.$$
For any circle, the minimum distance from an external point to the circle equals the distance from the point to the centre minus the radius. Using
$$\text{Minimum distance}=CQ-R,$$
we obtain
$$\text{Minimum distance}=9\sqrt2-2\sqrt2=7\sqrt2.$$
The question asks for the minimum value of the squared distance, so we square the above:
$$\bigl(7\sqrt2\bigr)^{2}=7^{2}\cdot2=49\cdot2=98.$$
So, the answer is $$98$$.
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