Question 68

$$\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{e - (1+2x)^{\frac{1}{2x}}}{x}$$ is equal to

We need to evaluate $$\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{e - (1+2x)^{1/(2x)}}{x}$$.

To begin, let $$y = (1+2x)^{1/(2x)} = e^{\frac{\ln(1+2x)}{2x}}$$.

Since for small $$x$$, the expansion of $$\ln(1+2x)$$ is $$\ln(1+2x) = 2x - \frac{(2x)^2}{2} + \frac{(2x)^3}{3} - \ldots = 2x - 2x^2 + \frac{8x^3}{3} - \ldots$$.

Dividing by $$2x$$ gives $$\frac{\ln(1+2x)}{2x} = 1 - x + \frac{4x^2}{3} - \ldots$$.

Next, expressing $$(1+2x)^{1/(2x)}$$ as an exponential yields $$ (1+2x)^{1/(2x)} = e^{1 - x + \frac{4x^2}{3} - \ldots} = e \cdot e^{-x + \frac{4x^2}{3} - \ldots}$$.

Using the series $$e^u = 1 + u + \frac{u^2}{2} + \ldots$$ with $$u = -x + O(x^2)$$ leads to $$ = e\left(1 + (-x + \ldots) + \ldots\right) = e(1 - x + O(x^2))$$.

Consequently, the numerator simplifies to $$e - (1+2x)^{1/(2x)} = e - e(1 - x + O(x^2)) = e \cdot x + O(x^2) = ex + O(x^2)$$.

Dividing by $$x$$ and taking the limit gives $$\frac{e - (1+2x)^{1/(2x)}}{x} = \frac{ex + O(x^2)}{x} = e + O(x)$$, so as $$x \to 0$$ one finds $$\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{e - (1+2x)^{1/(2x)}}{x} = e$$.

The correct answer is Option 3: $$e$$.

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