Question 54

Given:
$$E^\circ_{Cr^{3+}/Cr} = -0.74$$ V; $$E^\circ_{MnO_4^-/Mn^{2+}} = 1.51$$ V
$$E^\circ_{Cr_2O_7^{2-}/Cr^{3+}} = 1.33$$ V; $$E^\circ_{Cl_2/Cl^-} = 1.36$$ V
Based on the data given above, strongest oxidising agent will be:

We begin by recalling the basic electrochemical principle that the larger (more positive) the standard reduction potential $$E^\circ$$ of a half-reaction, the greater is the tendency of the reactant side of that half-reaction to accept electrons, that is, to get reduced. A substance that readily gets reduced will, in turn, oxidise other substances; hence it acts as a strong oxidising agent.

For every $$E^\circ$$ value supplied, we first write the corresponding reduction half-reaction in the conventional form “oxidised species $$+$$ electrons $$\rightarrow$$ reduced species”, identify the reactant (the species on the left), and note its ability to serve as an oxidising agent.

1. For $$E^\circ_{Cr^{3+}/Cr} = -0.74 \text{ V}$$ we have
$$Cr^{3+} + 3e^- \rightarrow Cr$$.

The reactant here is $$Cr^{3+}$$. Because its $$E^\circ$$ is negative, its tendency to get reduced is low, so $$Cr^{3+}$$ is a weak oxidising agent.

2. For $$E^\circ_{MnO_4^-/Mn^{2+}} = 1.51 \text{ V}$$ we write
$$MnO_4^- + 8H^+ + 5e^- \rightarrow Mn^{2+} + 4H_2O$$.

The reactant side contains $$MnO_4^-$$. The very positive value $$1.51 \text{ V}$$ means $$MnO_4^-$$ has a very strong tendency to accept electrons; therefore it is a very strong oxidising agent.

3. For $$E^\circ_{Cr_2O_7^{2-}/Cr^{3+}} = 1.33 \text{ V}$$ we would have
$$Cr_2O_7^{2-} + 14H^+ + 6e^- \rightarrow 2Cr^{3+} + 7H_2O$$.

The reactant $$Cr_2O_7^{2-}$$ has a high positive potential, but this species does not appear in the given options, so we only note its strength for comparison.

4. For $$E^\circ_{Cl_2/Cl^-} = 1.36 \text{ V}$$ the reduction half-reaction is
$$Cl_2 + 2e^- \rightarrow 2Cl^-$$.

The oxidising species here is $$Cl_2$$, not $$Cl^-$$. Since the option list contains $$Cl^-$$ rather than $$Cl_2$$, $$Cl^-$$ itself is on the product side of the reduction and therefore is not an oxidising agent at all; it is actually a possible reducing agent.

Now we examine the four species that actually appear in the options:

• $$Mn^{2+}$$ (Option A) is the reduced form in reaction 2; its $$E^\circ$$ for being reduced further is not given and, being already in a low oxidation state, it cannot serve as an effective oxidiser.

• $$MnO_4^-$$ (Option B) possesses $$E^\circ = 1.51 \text{ V}$$ and is an extremely strong oxidising agent.

• $$Cl^-$$ (Option C) is a product of the reduction of $$Cl_2$$, hence it cannot oxidise anything; it is not an oxidising agent.

• $$Cr^{3+}$$ (Option D) corresponds to $$E^\circ = -0.74 \text{ V}$$ and therefore is a very weak oxidising agent.

Comparing all these, $$MnO_4^-$$ with the highest positive reduction potential $$1.51 \text{ V}$$ has the greatest tendency to get reduced and consequently is the strongest oxidising agent among the choices.

Hence, the correct answer is Option B.

Was this solution helpful?

Get AI Help

Create a FREE account and get:

  • Free JEE Mains Previous Papers PDF
  • Take JEE Mains paper tests
Ask AI