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What is the ratio of wave number of first line (lowest energy line) of Balmer series of H atomic spectrum to first line of its Brackett series?
For any line of the hydrogen spectrum, the wave number (reciprocal wavelength) is given by the Rydberg formula
$$\tilde{\nu}=R\left(\frac1{n_f^2}-\frac1{n_i^2}\right)$$
where
• $$n_f$$ = quantum number of the lower (final) level,
• $$n_i$$ = quantum number of the higher (initial) level,
• $$R$$ = Rydberg constant.
Balmer series (first line)
Balmer series has $$n_f=2$$.
The first (lowest-energy) line corresponds to the transition $$n_i=3 \rightarrow n_f=2$$.
Therefore
$$\tilde{\nu}_{\text{Balmer}} = R\left(\frac1{2^2}-\frac1{3^2}\right)
=R\left(\frac14-\frac19\right)
=R\left(\frac{9-4}{36}\right)
=\frac{5R}{36}\,.$$
Brackett series (first line)
Brackett series has $$n_f=4$$.
Its first line comes from $$n_i=5 \rightarrow n_f=4$$.
Hence
$$\tilde{\nu}_{\text{Brackett}} = R\left(\frac1{4^2}-\frac1{5^2}\right)
=R\left(\frac1{16}-\frac1{25}\right)
=R\left(\frac{25-16}{400}\right)
=\frac{9R}{400}\,.$$
Required ratio
$$\frac{\tilde{\nu}_{\text{Balmer}}}{\tilde{\nu}_{\text{Brackett}}}
=\frac{\dfrac{5R}{36}}{\dfrac{9R}{400}}
=\frac{5}{36}\times\frac{400}{9}
=\frac{2000}{324}
=\frac{500}{81}\approx6.17.$$
Express this ratio with the first term taken as $$5$$:
Let the ratio be written as $$5:x$$. Then
$$\frac{5}{x}=6.17 \;\Rightarrow\; x\approx\frac{5}{6.17}\approx0.81.$$
Thus the ratio of the wave numbers is $$5:0.81$$.
Option B which is: $$5:0.81$$
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