The correct statement/s about Hydrogen bonding is/are: A. Hydrogen bonding exists when H is covalently bonded to the highly electronegative atom. B. Intermolecular H bonding is present in o-nitrophenol. C. Intramolecular H bonding is present in HF. D. The magnitude of H bonding depends on the physical state of the compound. E. H-bonding has powerful effect on the structure and properties of compounds. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

We evaluate each statement about hydrogen bonding.

A: "H bonding exists when H is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom."

TRUE. Hydrogen bonds form when H is bonded to F, O, or N (highly electronegative atoms).

B: "Intermolecular H bonding is present in o-nitrophenol."

FALSE. In o-nitrophenol, intramolecular H bonding occurs between the -OH and the -NO₂ group in the ortho position, forming a six-membered chelate ring. It is the para-isomer that shows intermolecular H bonding.

C: "Intramolecular H bonding is present in HF."

FALSE. HF shows strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding (not intramolecular). Intramolecular H bonding requires two functional groups within the same molecule.

D: "The magnitude of H bonding depends on the physical state of the compound."

TRUE. In the solid state, molecules are closer and more ordered, allowing stronger H bonding. In the gas phase, molecules are far apart and H bonding is minimal.

E: "H bonding has powerful effect on the structure and properties of compounds."

TRUE. H bonding significantly affects boiling points, solubility, viscosity, and molecular structure (e.g., DNA double helix, protein folding).

Correct statements: A, D, E.

The correct answer is Option (2): A, D, E only.