Match List - I (Electromagnetic wave type) with List - II (Its association/application) and select the correct option from the choices given below the lists:

List - I:                                  List - II:
(a) Infrared waves                 (i) To treat muscular strain
(b) Radio waves                    (ii) For broadcasting
(c) X-rays                               (iii) To detect fracture of bones
(d) Ultraviolet rays                (iv) Absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere

We start by recalling some well-known facts about the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and their usual uses in daily life as well as in medicine and communication. This background knowledge will allow us to match every item of List - I with the most appropriate item of List - II.

First we look at infrared waves, listed as item (a). Infrared radiation is the radiation whose wavelength lies just beyond the red end of the visible spectrum. It is readily absorbed by our skin and produces a heating effect. Because of this heating property, physiotherapists often use infrared lamps to warm up injured muscles, easing pain and improving blood circulation. Therefore, infrared waves are used to treat muscular strain. So we can write the first correspondence as

(a) Infrared waves $$\;\longrightarrow\;$$ (i) To treat muscular strain

Next we examine radio waves, item (b). Radio waves have the longest wavelength and the smallest frequency among the electromagnetic waves. Their long wavelengths enable them to diffract around large obstacles and travel long distances with comparatively little attenuation. Because of these properties, they are employed extensively in wireless communication systems such as AM and FM radio, television, and mobile phone signals. Hence their chief association is for broadcasting. Thus we can write

(b) Radio waves $$\;\longrightarrow\;$$ (ii) For broadcasting

Now let us consider X-rays, item (c). X-rays are high-frequency, short-wavelength electromagnetic waves produced when high-energy electrons decelerate rapidly or make transitions to inner atomic shells. Their high penetrating power allows them to pass through soft body tissues while being absorbed strongly by denser materials like bones. This selective absorption creates a shadow image of bones on a photographic plate or a digital detector, letting doctors see fractures. Hence their primary medical application is to detect fracture of bones. So we have

(c) X-rays $$\;\longrightarrow\;$$ (iii) To detect fracture of bones

Finally we take ultraviolet rays, item (d). Ultraviolet (UV) radiation lies just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum, possessing shorter wavelength and higher energy than visible light. The Earth’s atmosphere contains an ozone layer in the stratosphere, and ozone molecules $$\left(O_3\right)$$ are very effective at absorbing a large fraction of the incoming ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. This natural filter protects living organisms from excessive UV exposure. Therefore, ultraviolet rays are chiefly known for being absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere. Hence

(d) Ultraviolet rays $$\;\longrightarrow\;$$ (iv) Absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere

Collecting all the correspondences we have obtained, we list them together:

$$ \begin{aligned} (a) &\;\rightarrow\; (i) \\ (b) &\;\rightarrow\; (ii) \\ (c) &\;\rightarrow\; (iii) \\ (d) &\;\rightarrow\; (iv) \end{aligned} $$

We now search through the given options to see which one reproduces exactly this pattern. Option A gives a different ordering, Option B mismatches X-rays and ultraviolet rays, Option C is also incorrect, whereas Option D states precisely (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv).

Hence, the correct answer is Option D.