Abnegation
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In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the one which best expresses the meaning of the given word.
Abnegation
Bereft
Carouse
In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the one which is opposite in meaning of the given word.
Aggrandize
Construe
Exigent
In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
Alarums and Excursions
Up in the air (about someone or something)
Give oneself airs
Alphabet Soup
Be all one to
An article of faith
In the ascendant
Bring home the bacon
Have the ball at your feet
Banana Oil
In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which is the best substitute of the phrase.
Missappropriation of money
One who has the art of speaking in such a way that the sound seems to come from another person/place.
One who changes sides
One who damages public property
One who dies without a will
One who has no money
To free somebody from all blame
One who speaks less
Member of a band of robbers
A shady place under trees
Small room for worship
A person without home, job or property
In the following question, four words have been given out of which one word is incorrectly spelt. Select the incorrectly spelt word.
Unmanagable
In the following question, the sentence given with blank to be filled in with an appropriate word. Select the correct alternative out of the four and indicate it by selecting the appropriate option.
A common man is not fully ______ with the complexities of the laws.
An unwritten constitution develops and expands with the development of the nation and ultimately becomes the ______ of the public opinion.
Aristotle held that some persons are fit to rule while others are fit to be ruled ______.
The role of the ______ in the society is extremely important because it formulates the policies and takes the decisions.
There is no ______ the fact that traditions have a greater hold on the public than anything else.
In the following question, some part of the sentence may have errors. Find out which part of the sentence has an error and select the appropriate option. If a sentence is free from error, select 'No Error'.
He used to sits day and night (1)/ under a tree in front of a temple (2)/ that is how he earned the name. (3)/ No error (4)
There are many inner voices that speak (1)/ to us inside your head, and believe that (2)/ they should not be trusted. (3)/ No error (4)
With God's blessings and hard work, (1)/ I cleared many hurdles in life and did (2)/ reasonable with both professional and personally. (3)/ No error (4)
If you have creative streak which you have never (1)/ pursued or interested in a new field, (2)/ gather your energy and move towards it. (3)/ No error (4)
The only thing that endures and can sustain (1)/ an infant till the stage it receives immunity (2)/ comes from the consumption of mothers milk. (3)/ No error (4)
The internal and external environment we (1)/ experience in our thoughts, feelings and the (2)/ world around us also has an affect. (3)/ No error (4)
Rasayana's are the blends of tonic herbs, metals, fruits, (1)/ gums and have specific methods of production (2)/ which included the time of gathering. (3)/ No error (4)
In relationships, too, she seems too have subsisted (1)/ on nothing but the emptiness of her (2)/ heart to the master of her life. (3)/ No error (4)
Our thought have a direct impact on our body (1)/ and hence they crucially affect our (2)/ emotional and physical well-being too. (3)/ No error (4)
When you drink the sweet coconut water, (1)/ it is a metaphor for experience joy within, (2)/ free of ego and other hassles. (3)/ No error (4)
Much believe that if you are modern you (1)/ should not be religious, and vice versa, (2)/ can’t spirituality and modernity coexist? (3)/ No error (4)
Why is it that they can develop only a (1)/ certain aspect of there life and not realize (2)/ their full potential? (3)/ No error (4)
If the sun and moon were balanced, which means (1)/ if heat and cold are in equilibrium, the (2)/ person is healthy. (3)/ No error (4)
Earth can be considered a cage or prison (1)/ because our choices are limited to (2)/ our available awareness and restricted. (3)/ No error (4)
If a guru is a kind of hired teacher (1)/ none of his roles hits the mark (2)/ of what is intended. (3)/ No error (4)
The growth in India is amazing, (1)/ the growth from 140 million connections (2)/ in 2005 to 181 million connections now is very impressed. (3)/ No error (4)
The Delhi Police organize a mega (1)/ function at the Thayagaraj Stadium (2)/ to promote 'self defence training' for women and girls. (3)/ No error (4)
All they need to do is feed their contact (1)/ details, feed the IMEI number to receiving (2)/ an OTP on their mobile. (3)/ No error (4)
So, the next time you are eating sushi, (1)/ you exactly know what to do with (2)/ that extra wasabi that have come along. (3)/ No error (4)
This is the first car for our neighbourhood Mr Sharma who (1)/ has a hard time balancing his wife (2)/ and kids on his old scooter. (3)/ No error (4)
In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.
Passage:
There has never been a better time to get out of our own way and get rid of FEAR. It is possible. We can choose to ______ on where we want to go instead of where we may go. Often fear is tied up in letting our minds consider all the negative ______ that could happen. The key word is could - most of the time our fears never ______. But when we focus on what could happen we get off course. We can choose to make a ______ to change our focus. To focus on where we want to go, where we are ______ to go.
We can choose to ______ on where we want to
minds consider all the negative ______ that could happen.
most of the time our fears never ______.
We can choose to make a ______ to change our focus.
where we are ______ to go.
In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.
Passage:
Everyone is busy in making their life in the world. After working whole day, there are so many things ______ that gives us ______ and irritation. We face many ______ in our life. Those who are heavy set with material ______ will have a lot of trouble when their things are taken away from them or lost. But the ______ is life still is easy. It always will be.
many things ______ that gives us
gives us ______ and irritation.
We face many ______ in our life.
heavy set with material ______ will have a lot
But the ______ is life still is easy.
In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.
Passage:
Everyone needs to find the leadership style that works ______ for them and their subordinates. What works for your ______ may not work for you and your team. However, if you take some time and ______ different leadership styles and how they work for different ______ types, you place a much better ______ of success as a leader.
style that works ______ for them
What works for your ______ may not work
take some time and ______ different leadership
they work for different ______ types
a much better ______ of success as a leader.
The question below consists of a set of labelled sentences. These sentences, when properly sequenced form a coherent paragraph. Select the most logical order of sentences from among the options.
P: These features demonstrate the legal superiority of the Fundamental Rights over Directive Principles.
Q: Fundamental Rights are enforceable.
R: These stand granted and guaranteed.
S: As against these Directive Principles are non-enforceable principles which have been incorporated in the Constitution after the incorporation of the Fundamental Rights.
P: The fundamental rights enumerated in the Constitution are not absolute.
Q: These have not been concluded in absolute terms.
R: While describing the nature and content of each right, the Constitution also describes its limitations.
S: Some restrictions have been placed on their enjoyment.
P: In fact respect for social and political equality of all the people is the cornerstone of democracy.
Q: The principle of equality is the foremost principle of democracy.
R: In it all the people, without any discrimination, are treated as equal.
S: All the people enjoy equal political rights, equality before law and equality of opportunity without any discrimination.
P: In this world there is no such thing as a human saviour.
Q: If we follow just another human for his idea, I am sure we will end up fighting another civil war and a new generation will suffer as we suffer.
R: There is only a stable system.
S: A man always changes after a while because they are human just like you.
P: Most learners have a huge discrepancy between their verbal skills and their writing ability.
Q: As a result, many Learners do not write what is actually in their mind, but dumb-downed versions so they do not make mistakes.
R: But in school, correct spelling is valued more than getting one's true vocabulary on the page.
S: They have words in their minds that they could never spell.
P: On those days when nothing in our life seems to be going right, it can be really tough to see the silver lining among all those clouds.
Q: Is our glass half-full or half-empty?
R: A positive attitude benefits not only our mental health, but your physical well-being as well.
S: However, it's during these times when the ability to see the good in even the worst situations is so important.
P: I have seen several young executives joining new jobs.
Q: Only a small number of these young people really believe they will succeed.
R: But majority of these young people simply don't have the belief that they can reach the top.
S: Each of them "wishes", someday he will achieve success by reaching the top.
P: We have to choose daily to remain adaptable.
Q: Flexibility means being able to respond to change and deal with it.
R: It's a trait any of us can learn and it's one that is critical to our success in managing any type of change.
S: Yet being flexible isn't easy as we have to work at and practice flexibility daily.
P: We think and talk a lot about Leadership and how to develop the Leadership skills.
Q: It's fun and exciting one day and then the next day we wonder why we ever wanted to lead in the first place.
R: I believe, in order to develop Leadership skills, as a leader we must be willing to acknowledge that, developing it is not an accomplishment - it's a never-ending process.
S: It's a process full of many awesome moments and many lonely days.
P: These features clearly bring out the nature of Indian Bill of Rights.
Q: The Constitution grants and guarantees fundamental rights and freedom to all the people of India and constitute a vital pillar of Indian Democracy.
R: No Law can violate the Fundamental Rights of the People of India.
S: The fundamental rights incorporated in the Constitution stand at a higher pedestal than ordinary laws and the Directive Principles of State Policy.
P: The leaders I admire most are the ones who give selflessly of themselves and make personal development a priority.
Q: Both are important and one without the other does not work as I have observed some of the great leaders, I find they all have some things in common.
R: Great leaders balance personal development and organizational development.
S: I can not give of myself as a leader if I do not first take care of myself.
P: We cannot have ‘theories’ for everything - especially for getting along with people.
Q: Human beings are unique, perhaps somewhat illogical, and definitely unprogrammable.
R: No blueprint can give us a pre-planned design to organise our lives with other people.
S: Each one of us is sensitive; and each one of us is constantly variable - our mood and temperament change from day to day, may be even from hour to hour yet we have evolved into a society and community; a global habitat with families, institutions and corporations.
P: These are the only two paths available to him.
Q: All humans are bestowed with a conscience that helps us discriminate between good and bad, eternal and non eternal.
R: Although all living species are involved in sleeping, mating, defending and eating, only humans as far as we know-can think and decide what is eternally beneficial to them.
S: Based on this special quality a human can decide whether he wants to tread the path of eternal welfare or sensual enjoyment.
P: A person is just like a bubble.
Q: The air has reclaimed it; the atmosphere has reclaimed it.
R: This bubble doesn’t have any substance of its own, just like every other creature.
S: But when the bubble bursts, the substance that is inside the bubble, where is it?
P: All have equal right to live in this world.
Q: Men and animals, all are the children of God.
R: So, one should not take away the life of another, whether he is a man or a beast of any other living being.
S: If we take to violence, our souls will be defiled and we will not be able to reach God after we die.
P: Everybody understands that, sports and games mean only the physical and mental fitness.
Q: Both should be given equal priority in the school and colleges to go ahead and make the bright career of the students.
R: However it has many hidden benefits as well.
S: Sports and good education both together become the way to achieve success in the life of a child.
P: The leader must learn to rule himself.
Q: An organization cannot be successful if the people do not obey its laws and rules.
R: Similarly, no play is possible, if the players do not follow the rules in the play ground.
S: If he cannot rule himself, he cannot rule others.
P: People of each State converse in their own language and often cannot speak or understand the regional language of other people.
Q: In such cases, English becomes the link between these people.
R: So, we cannot deny the importance of English in modern India.
S: Modern India has many large States.
P: He was developed into the most effective personality under the environment of rational attitude of his father and religious temperament of his mother.
Q: Swami Vivekananda was born in Calcutta, on 12th January in 1863 during Makar Sankranti festival, in a traditional Bengali Kayastha family.
R: The birth name of Swami Vivekananda was Narendranath Datta.
S: He was one of the nine children of his father, who was an attorney in Calcutta.
P: Child labour in India is the practice where children are engaged in economic activity on part time or full time basis.
Q: The practice deprives children of their childhood and is harmful to their physical and mental development.
R: Poverty, lack of good schools and growth of informal economy are considered as the most important causes of child labour in India.
S: The 2001 national census of India estimated the total number of child labour, aged 5-14, to be at 12.6 million.
Improve the bracketed part of the sentence.
His policies (were seen by much as) crimping investment at a time slumping copper prices were weighing on the economy.
After months of aggressive planning, the former president brandished his business success and first term in office (as a proofs of competence).
The company released a statement on Saturday paying tribute to its founder, praising his philanthropic efforts and his (vision to health care).
50 Chinese couples were married at a ceremony in Colombo to mark the anniversary of (diplomat relations between the two countries).
While addressing the assembly the officer said “It was a tit-for-tat action involving (selected targeting), such actions do not last very long”.
Asking people to identify themselves with their (religion and castism) rather than being secular, he said the Constitution too would change.
(The surprise about the India vote) was not because it fell out of line with the country’s foreign policy as we know.
Supporters of the ‘leading power’ doctrine often argue, rightly, that India must be more forthright and articulate in (expression) its position on issues.
The process of decolonization (who started from) our own independence era remains unfinished even after completion of seven decades.
(The community have laid stress) on the point that for them dignity, respect, and access to health care are non-negotiable basic rights.
The experience so far has been that many who struggle to access jobs are (discriminated about), forcing them to drop out.
The failure of the recent ministerial meeting at Buenos Aires is only (symptomatical of decline) in its overall importance.
It was given a large remit overseeing the rules for world trade along with the powers to punish countries violating (those) rules.
Under the principle of cross-retaliation, these penalties could be imposed on exports from a sector different (form there the dispute was located).
Our thoughts make us the person we are, pondering over these thoughts can occupy our soul for (a long periods of time).
He is usually present in the House on Wednesday as questions (related at) the Prime Minister’s Office are listed on this day during Question Hour.
(Once emerged business) is clearly defence manufacturing and hence the group has tied up with global defence companies for starting production in India.
I am a soul, a free bird which has the power to (freely fly); I am not bound by the physical laws.
People should also look at art to learn how to be creative, live creatively, and (how to think outside of the box).
When there is no thought, no bubble (on our mind on planning) for tomorrow and no inquiry about the present, that moment is blissful.
While you stay here, you (do need not) a blueprint of planning; you do not need to think of searching the future.
Once, a farmer was pulling his cart full of vegetables uphill to the market, he saw a man (sitting on) the roadside.
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Passage:
Transactional Analysis has the triangle of PAC. P means parent, A means adult, C means child. These are your three layers, as if you are a three-storeyed building. The first floor is that of the child, the second floor is that of the parent, the third floor is that of the adult. All three exist together. This is your inner triangle and conflict. Your child says one thing, your parent says something else, and your adult, rational mind says something else. The child says ‘enjoy’. For the child, this moment is the only moment; he has no other considerations. The child is spontaneous, but unaware of the consequences — unaware of past, unaware of future. He lives in the moment. He enjoys — but his enjoyment is not creative, cannot be creative. He delights — but life cannot be lived only through delight.
You cannot remain a child forever. You will have to learn many things because you are not alone here....The child has to be disciplined — and that’s where the parent comes in. The parental voice in you is the voice of the society, culture, civilization; the voice that makes you capable of living in a world where you are not alone —where there are many individuals with conflicting ambitions, where there is much struggle for survival, where there is much conflict. The parental voice is that of caution. It makes you civilized. The word ‘civil’ is good. It means one who has become capable of living in a city, who has become capable of being a member of a group, of a society. It is needed. And then there is the third voice within you, the third layer, when you have become adult and you are no longer controlled by your parents; your own reason has come of age, you can think on your own. And these three layers are continuously fighting. The child says one thing, the parent says just the opposite, and the reason may say something totally different. There is no necessity that your adult mind agrees with your parents.
Many times you find them very dogmatic, superstitious, believing in foolish things, irrational ideologies. Your parent says do it, your adult says it is not worth doing, and your child goes on pulling you somewhere else. This is the triangle within you.
Whom do we find dogmatic many times?
What is the triangle within us?
Why you cannot remain a child forever?
What happens when you become an adult?
According to the passage, you are not capable of being a member of a group, of a society until you become ______.
A passage is given with five questions following it. Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Passage:
The Indian Space Research Organisation boosted its reputation further when it successfully launched a record 104 satellites in one mission from Sriharikota on 15th February, 2017 by relying on its workhorse PSLV rocket. An earth observation Cartosat-2 series satellite and two other nano satellites were the only Indian satellites launched; the remaining were from the United States, Israel, the UAE, the Netherlands, Kazakhstan and Switzerland. Of the 101 foreign satellites launched, 96 were from the U.S. and one each from the other five countries. Till now Russia held the record of launching 37 satellites in a single mission, in 2014, while the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the U.S. launched 29 satellites in one go in 2013. Last June, ISRO had come close to NASA’s record by launching 20 satellites in one mission. But ISRO views the launch not as a mission to set a world record but as an opportunity to make full use of the capacity of the launch vehicle. The launch is particularly significant as ISRO now cements its position as a key player in the lucrative commercial space launch market by providing a cheaper yet highly reliable alternative. At an orbital altitude of around 500 km, the vehicle takes about 90 minutes to complete one orbit. Though ISRO had sufficient time to put the satellites into orbit, it accomplished the task in about 12 minutes. With the focus on ensuring that no two satellites collided with each other, the satellites were injected in pairs in opposite directions. Successive pairs of satellites were launched once the vehicle rotated by a few degrees, thereby changing the separation angle and time of separation to prevent any collision.
Besides setting the record for the most number of satellites launched in a single mission, the Indian space agency has launched two nano satellites weighing less than 10 kg. It is a technology demonstrator for a new class of satellites called ISRO nano satellites (INS). With many Indian universities already building and launching nano satellites, the availability of a dedicated nano satellites platform is sure to boost space research in India.
Which country has the maximum satellites launched into the space on 15th February, 2017?
Who among the following has a record of launching maximum satellites in one go in the year 2014?
In how many minutes the ISRO put the satellite into orbit which was launched by it recently?
What can be the suitable title to the passage ?
Why the recent launch of satellite is significant to ISRO?
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Passage:
Let’s move to the crackling topic of the SC’s firecracker ban in Delhi. Like me and millions of other children raised in India, Masaba must have celebrated Diwali with new clothes, sweets and the quintessential rockets, anars and phuljharis. But when she supports the ban on firecrackers because of the pollution it creates, the earthworms once again flail desperately, not by quoting statistics or making logical arguments to refute her point but by muck-raking. ‘Don’t mess with our ancient traditions,’ they say. I would like to tell them that if we stuck to all our traditions just because they’re ancient then we should still be pushing widows into funeral pyres to commit sati and get our children married off at the age of eight.
As much as I would like to see the delight on my daughter’s face — the same glee I had as a child — while bursting atom bombs and laris, it is the present scenario and not nostalgia that must dictate my actions. If even doctors welcome the ban as they feel fumes from firecrackers take pollution levels beyond safe limits, then perhaps we need to change our traditional values and create new ones. If saying that makes me a bad Indian, then so be it.
One of the greatest privileges I have — in fact because of the very background that they are trying to smear — stems from the fact that I was lucky enough to have a mother who has raised me to believe that equality isn’t one of my privileges but it is my right. One that was hard won by some brave and fearless women, women who set the right precedent for other women by standing against inequality.
The flailing trollers do not realize that you cannot shame us by pulling down our mothers, those fiercely independent women who have lived life on their own terms, who have not just talked the talk but walked the walk. Yes, you can reason with us by presenting a logical argument but this seems to be beyond the resources of these anonymous creatures hiding their faces in the mud.
And yes one last thing, for all those claiming to be the flag-bearers of ancient traditions, it would be lovely if you adhered to your so-called traditional ways completely. Why do you write open letters, tweet and troll in the language of the Brits? Why not go traditional there as well, use only our ancient languages and spare us your venom-filled and grammatically incorrect English?
Who do you think is the author of the passage?
What according to the author should dictate his/her action?
According to the author, what should flag-bearers of ancient traditions do?
According to the passage why do the doctors welcome the ban?
What do you infer by the term "not just talked the talk but walked the walk"?
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Passage:
The first thing is that the rich people of the world should start living in communes. Let those communes be of the rich! So they will not be dragged down from their standard of life, their comforts, and their luxuries. Let there be, around the world, hundreds of communes of rich people - that is, rich communes.
And to me, wealth is a certain kind of creativity. If five thousand rich people who have all created wealth individually are together, they can create wealth a million-fold. Their standard will not go lower; their standard could go even higher. Or they can start sharing. They can start inviting people who are not rich but who are creative in some other way, who will enhance the life of their commune although they may be poor.
Five thousand rich people, together with their genius for creating wealth, are capable of creating so much wealth that they can invite thousands of other people who may not be rich in the sense of being wealthy, but who may be rich as painters, poets, dancers, singers.
What are you going to do only with wealth? You cannot play music on money; you cannot dance just because you have so much cash in the bank. And these rich communes can start becoming bigger, absorbing more and more creative people. They can make beautiful places all around the world, and slowly, new people can be absorbed.
For example, you will need plumbers, however rich you may be; you will need mechanics; technicians; you will need shoemakers. Invite them - and they come to you not as servants, but as members of the commune. Slowly, we can transform the whole world - without any bloodshed and without any dictatorship.
A communism that comes out of love, out of intelligence, out of generosity, will be real. A communism that comes through force is going to be unreal. There is not a single man in the world, howsoever poor, who has nothing to contribute. Around the world all the rich communes will need people; and slowly, slowly your commune will become bigger and bigger.
The rich will not become poor, but the poor will become rich, and respectable, and equal - in no way inferior to anybody else - because they are also functioning in the same way as anybody else. And whatever they are doing is needed as much as anybody else’s expertise is needed.
According to the passage, what is an advantage of rich people living in communes?
Who all have something to contribute towards the making of the communes?
According to the passage, what kind of communism would we prefer?
According to the passage, what is not necessarily true about those who are not rich in the sense of being wealthy?
Suggest a suitable topic to the passage.
In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.
Passage:
Over the years Blyton ________________ for a lot of things, especially for being ___________ and creating two-dimensional characters. But for many of us, the name brings up the nostalgia of rainy afternoons ___________ snuggled up with our noses in her books and being transported to a world where good means good and bad means bad, with nothing _______ between. I remember reading in a preface that many girls had written asking Blyton how __________ could enrol at Malory Towers or St. Clare’s!
Over the years Blyton ________________ for a lot of things,
especially for being ___________ and creating two-dimensional characters.
the nostalgia of rainy afternoons ___________ snuggled up with our noses
with nothing _______ between.
Blyton how __________ could enrol at Malory Towers
In the following passage, some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.
Passage:
The climate question _____________ a leapfrog era for India’s development paradigm. Already, the country has chalked out an _____________ policy on renewable energy, hoping to generate a massive 175 gigawatts of power ____________ green sources by 2022. This has to be _____________ pursued, breaking down the barriers to wider ___________ of rooftop solar energy at every level and implementing net metering systems for all categories of consumers.
The climate question _____________ a leapfrog era for
has chalked out an _____________ policy on renewable energy,
175 gigawatts of power ____________ green sources by 2022.
This has to be _____________ pursued,
the barriers to wider ___________ of rooftop solar energy
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
Passage:
The activities will start in the next 20 days time, promising to give an exciting glimpse of Vizag to aero adventure lovers in a way never experienced before. “We have partnered with AP Tourism to promote aero adventures for the first time in the city. We will be getting one powered parachute and a paratrike in two weeks time following which aero adventure activities will commence,” says B Balaram Naidu, director of Livein Adventures. The two-seater powered parachute will be equipped with a 55 hp engine and will take people up to a height of 500 feet. With an experience of nearly a decade in the Indian Navy as a sky diving and aero adventure trainer, Balaram now wants to make Vizag as destination of adventure sports, bringing in a clutch of activities through his adventure company Livein Adventures. His passion has led to the creation of like-minded adventurers in the city who regularly converge at Mangamaripeta for kayaking and Kambalakonda for eco-friendly adventure sports activities like zip liner and Burma bridge.
Which activity is available at Mangamaripeta?
Mr B Balaram Naidu has worked with which of the following?
What equipment will be employed by Livein Adventures to provide aero adventures?
Livein Adventures has collaborated with whom to bring adventure activities to Vizag?
What is common between Burma bridge and powered parachute?
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
Passage:
There may be some merit in this, but clearly, we need to look at the hawkers issue more broadly. For quite some time now, many middle-class citizens groups have urged strict action against hawkers, asking residents not to favour their business. The terms routinely used to refer to hawkers and vendors is “menace”, with their everyday businesses described as “encroachments” on public space. This, despite the fact that an existing 2014 central law, the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, protects their presence as a part of the right to livelihood. The law specifies the number of licensed hawkers permitted and outlines the process to implement a fair street vending policy. Mumbai and other cities have failed to implement the law to date, with the Mumbai municipality having frozen hawker licenses since 1978. As a result, only a fraction of Mumbai’s hawkers are licensed. Hawkers desire legal status — their illegality makes them vulnerable to extortion and harassment by a whole range of State and non-State actors.
Unfortunately, by looking upon the hawkers question as only a clearing of pavements issue, we have neglected to see their contribution in several other ways. Firstly, hawkers are not the only ones sullying our pavements. But they are far easier to target as villains than the middle-class who use pavements for car parking and shops/restaurants who unabashedly extend their shopfronts onto footpaths. Secondly, hawking is also an employment issue. It provides the urban poor a means to earn a legitimate livelihood, and in fact, many sell goods produced in small-scale or home-based industries.
Why does the middle class think of hawking as a menace?
Why do only a small number of Mumbai’s hawkers have licenses?
What makes the middle class too guilty of the same crime they blame hawkers?
What makes hawkers vulnerable to extortion?
What is the positive externality of hawking?
In the following question, a sentence has been given in Direct/Indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct speech.
He said, "I work in an army hospital which is now being renovated."
They said, "We play cricket every Sunday here at the club."
She said, "I love my grandparents thus I take good care of them."
He said, "I don't waste time as I now I am very busy."
The lady said, "I am waiting for someone to come here and pick me up."
He said, "She is driving a car now after many years."
The DJ said, "The audience is enjoying the new music that I created just for this show."
My sister said, "I am not going to college as now I have a study break."
The executive said to his senior, "I have completed the work a week ago."
The sportsman said, "I have won a prize in the race that was held here yesterday."
The manager said, "The janitor has washed these linen today."
Priya said, "I have not met the boy hence I cannot make a decision."
The workman said, "I have been working in this factory since the day it started."
Arun said, “I bought this ring for my mother.”
The cab driver said to me, “I was waiting for you for a long time.”
Zakir said, “Here is the book that I have been looking for.”
Mother said to me, "Will you come here and help me?"
The clerk said, "What can I do for you?"
The professor told the class, “I will give you a test on Friday.”
They said, “We have to complete this task by noon.”
Jyoti said to her sister, “This dress is so pretty.”
Deepti said to Pravin, “Do you like to watch movies?”
“How often do you go to the temple?” grandmother said to me.
They said, “We are taking the medicines every day.”
They said, “We have been waiting here since morning.”
They said, “We have taken exercising seriously.”
They said, “We will not bother the workers. ”
In the following question, a sentence has been given in Active/Passive voice. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active voice.
Does he race cars?
They play board games at the clubhouse.
She does not sing classical songs.
Do you speak Marathi?
She is reading a novel.
Do Peter and John attend the daily sermons?
His brother doesn't drive a car.
Does she like English literature?
I play football with my friends at that ground.
He doesn't pay tips ever.
He always forgets my name.
He never forgets to get gifts for me.
The hammer hit the nail on its head.
Six square faces join to make a cube.
Do crows like to eat grain?
She needs to clean the floor right now.
Does he sing only Ghazals?
Does he respect his elders?
I keep the butter in the fridge.
Mary kept her schedule meticulously.
Educational materials for CAT preparation
