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Question 61

The sum of the roots of the equation, $$x+1-2\log_2\left(3+2^x\right)+2\log_4\left(10-2^{-x}\right)=0$$, is:

The given equation is:

$$x + 1 - 2 \log_2(3 + 2^x) + 2 \log_4(10 - 2^{-x}) = 0$$

First, we simplify the term $$2 \log_4(10 - 2^{-x})$$ using the base change property $$\log_{a^k} b = \frac{1}{k} \log_a b$$:

$$2 \log_{2^2}(10 - 2^{-x}) = 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \log_2(10 - 2^{-x}) = \log_2(10 - 2^{-x})$$

Now, substitute this back into the equation:

$$x + 1 - 2 \log_2(3 + 2^x) + \log_2(10 - 2^{-x}) = 0$$

Move the logarithmic terms to one side and the linear terms to the other:

$$x + 1 = 2 \log_2(3 + 2^x) - \log_2(10 - 2^{-x})$$

$$x + 1 = \log_2((3 + 2^x)^2) - \log_2(10 - 2^{-x})$$

Using the quotient rule $$\log_a M - \log_a N = \log_a \frac{M}{N}$$:

$$x + 1 = \log_2 \left( \frac{(3 + 2^x)^2}{10 - 2^{-x}} \right)$$

Convert from logarithmic form to exponential form ($$2^{x+1}$$):

$$2^{x+1} = \frac{(3 + 2^x)^2}{10 - 2^{-x}}$$ 

$$2 \cdot 2^x = \frac{(3 + 2^x)^2}{10 - \frac{1}{2^x}}$$

Let $$2^x = t$$. The equation becomes:

$$2t = \frac{(3 + t)^2}{10 - \frac{1}{t}}$$ $$2t = \frac{(3 + t)^2}{\frac{10t - 1}{t}}$$

$$2t = \frac{t(3 + t)^2}{10t - 1}$$

Since $$t = 2^x$$, $$t$$ cannot be $$0$$. We can divide both sides by $$t$$:

$$2 = \frac{(3 + t)^2}{10t - 1}$$

$$2(10t - 1) = (3 + t)^2$$

$$20t - 2 = 9 + 6t + t^2$$

$$t^2 - 14t + 11 = 0$$

Let the roots of the quadratic equation in $$t$$ be $$t_1$$ and $$t_2$$. These correspond to $$2^{x_1}$$ and $$2^{x_2}$$ where $$x_1, x_2$$ are the roots of the original equation.

The product of the roots $$t_1 t_2$$ is:

$$t_1 t_2 = \frac{c}{a} = 11$$

Since $$t_1 = 2^{x_1}$$ and $$t_2 = 2^{x_2}$$:

$$2^{x_1} \cdot 2^{x_2} = 11$$

$$2^{x_1 + x_2} = 11$$

Taking $$\log_2$$ on both sides:

$$x_1 + x_2 = \log_2 11$$

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