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Question 48

Two coherent monochromatic light beams of intensities 4I and 9I are superimposed. The difference between the maximum and minimum intensities in the resulting interference pattern is xI. The value of x is __________.


Correct Answer: 24

Let the intensities of the two coherent beams be $$I_1 = 4I$$ and $$I_2 = 9I$$.

For two coherent sources, the resultant intensity at any point is given by the interference formula
$$I = I_1 + I_2 + 2\sqrt{I_1 I_2}\,\cos\phi$$
where $$\phi$$ is the phase difference between the beams.

Maximum intensity ($$\phi = 0$$, constructive interference):
$$I_{\max} = I_1 + I_2 + 2\sqrt{I_1 I_2}$$

Minimum intensity ($$\phi = \pi$$, destructive interference):
$$I_{\min} = I_1 + I_2 - 2\sqrt{I_1 I_2}$$

The required quantity is the difference between these two:
$$I_{\max} - I_{\min} = \left(I_1 + I_2 + 2\sqrt{I_1 I_2}\right) \;-\; \left(I_1 + I_2 - 2\sqrt{I_1 I_2}\right)$$

Simplifying gives
$$I_{\max} - I_{\min} = 4\sqrt{I_1 I_2}$$

Substitute $$I_1 = 4I$$ and $$I_2 = 9I$$:
$$\sqrt{I_1 I_2} = \sqrt{(4I)(9I)} = \sqrt{36I^2} = 6I$$

Hence
$$I_{\max} - I_{\min} = 4 \times 6I = 24I$$

The problem states that this difference equals $$xI$$, so
$$x = 24$$

Therefore, the value of $$x$$ is $$24$$.

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