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Question 24

If the number of seven-digit numbers, such that the sum of their digits is even, is $$m \cdot n \cdot 10^n$$; $$m, n \in \{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 9\}$$, then $$m + n$$ is equal to __________.


Correct Answer: 14

Let $$S$$ be the set of all seven-digit natural numbers. A seven-digit number has its first (left-most) digit from $$1$$ to $$9$$ and each of the remaining six digits from $$0$$ to $$9$$, so

total elements in $$S = 9 \times 10^{6} = 90\,00\,00\,00 = 9{,}000{,}000$$

We must count those numbers in $$S$$ whose digit-sum is even. Denote this subset by $$E$$ and let $$O$$ be the subset with odd digit-sum.

Key idea (Parity-changing bijection): For every number in $$S$$ we will construct a unique partner in $$S$$ whose digit-sum parity is opposite.
Take a number with decimal representation $$a_1a_2a_3a_4a_5a_6a_7$$.

Define a mapping $$f:S \rightarrow S$$ by changing only the last digit:
• if $$a_7$$ is even, replace it by $$a_7+1$$ (this is odd);
• if $$a_7$$ is odd, replace it by $$a_7-1$$ (this is even).

This mapping leaves the first digit $$a_1$$ unchanged (so the image is still seven-digit) and clearly toggles the parity of the digit-sum. Moreover, the rule is reversible—applying it twice returns the original number—so $$f$$ is a bijection between $$E$$ and $$O$$.

Therefore $$|E| = |O| = \dfrac{|S|}{2} = \dfrac{9\,000\,000}{2} = 4\,500\,000$$.

Write the answer in the required form $$m \cdot n \cdot 10^{\,n}$$ with $$m,n \in \{1,2,\ldots ,9\}$$.

Observe $$4\,500\,000 = 45 \times 10^{5}$$.

Factor the coefficient $$45$$ as the product of two single-digit numbers: $$45 = 9 \times 5$$.

Thus $$m = 9,\; n = 5$$ and the requested sum is

$$m + n = 9 + 5 = 14.$$

Final answer: $$14$$.

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