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Question 21

A person is swimming with a speed of 10 m s$$^{-1}$$ at an angle of 120° with the flow and reaches to a point directly opposite on the other side of the river. The speed of the flow is $$x$$ m s$$^{-1}$$. The value of $$x$$ to the nearest integer is ________.


Correct Answer: 5

Solution

Let us set up a coordinate system. Let the river flow be along the positive $$x$$-axis with speed $$x \text{ m/s}$$, and let the width of the river be along the $$y$$-axis. The swimmer must reach the point directly opposite, which means the net displacement along the $$x$$-direction must be zero.

The swimmer swims at $$10 \text{ m/s}$$ at an angle of $$120°$$ with the direction of flow (the positive $$x$$-axis). The swimmer's velocity components are: along $$x$$: $$v_{sx} = 10\cos 120° = 10 \times (-\tfrac{1}{2}) = -5 \text{ m/s}$$ (upstream), and along $$y$$: $$v_{sy} = 10\sin 120° = 10 \times \tfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} = 5\sqrt{3} \text{ m/s}$$ (across the river).

The river flow contributes $$x \text{ m/s}$$ in the positive $$x$$-direction. So the swimmer's net velocity in the $$x$$-direction is $$v_x = x + (-5) = x - 5$$. For the swimmer to reach directly opposite, $$v_x = 0$$, so $$x - 5 = 0$$, giving $$x = 5$$.

The answer is $$\boxed{5}$$.

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