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Question 17

The product of all values of $$\alpha$$, for which $$\displaystyle\lim_{x \to 0} \left(\frac{1 - \cos(\alpha x) \cos((\alpha+1)x) \cos((\alpha+2)x)}{\sin^2((\alpha+1)x)}\right) = 2$$ is :

To solve this limit efficiently, we use the standard limit formula $$\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1 - \cos(kx)}{x^2} = \frac{k^2}{2}$$.


First, let's normalize the denominator. Since $$\sin(kx) \approx kx$$ as $$x \to 0$$:

$$\sin^2((\alpha + 1)x) \approx (\alpha + 1)^2 x^2$$


Let $$k_1 = \alpha$$, $$k_2 = \alpha+1$$, and $$k_3 = \alpha+2$$. The numerator is $$1 - \cos(k_1x)\cos(k_2x)\cos(k_3x)$$.

Using the expansion $$\cos(kx) \approx 1 - \frac{k^2x^2}{2}$$, the product becomes:

$$\left(1 - \frac{k_1^2x^2}{2}\right)\left(1 - \frac{k_2^2x^2}{2}\right)\left(1 - \frac{k_3^2x^2}{2}\right) \approx 1 - \frac{(k_1^2 + k_2^2 + k_3^2)x^2}{2}$$

(Ignoring $$x^4$$ and higher terms as they vanish in the limit).

The numerator simplifies to:

$$1 - \left(1 - \frac{(k_1^2 + k_2^2 + k_3^2)x^2}{2}\right) = \frac{(k_1^2 + k_2^2 + k_3^2)x^2}{2}$$


The limit is given as 2:

$$\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\frac{(k_1^2 + k_2^2 + k_3^2)x^2}{2}}{(\alpha + 1)^2 x^2} = 2$$

$$\frac{\alpha^2 + (\alpha+1)^2 + (\alpha+2)^2}{2(\alpha+1)^2} = 2$$

Expand the numerator:

$$\alpha^2 + \alpha^2 + 2\alpha + 1 + \alpha^2 + 4\alpha + 4 = 4(\alpha+1)^2$$

$$3\alpha^2 + 6\alpha + 5 = 4(\alpha^2 + 2\alpha + 1)$$

$$3\alpha^2 + 6\alpha + 5 = 4\alpha^2 + 8\alpha + 4$$

Rearrange into a quadratic equation:

$$\alpha^2 + 2\alpha - 1 = 0$$


For a quadratic equation $$ax^2 + bx + c = 0$$, the product of the roots is $$\frac{c}{a}$$.

Here, $$a = 1$$ and $$c = -1$$.

$$\text{Product of } \alpha = \frac{-1}{1} = -1$$

Correct Answer: C (-1)

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