Join WhatsApp Icon JEE WhatsApp Group
Question 12

If the system of equations $$(\lambda-1)x+(\lambda-4)y+\lambda z=5 \\\lambda x+(\lambda-1)y+(\lambda-4)z=7 \\ (\lambda+1)x+(\lambda+2)y-(\lambda+2)z=9$$ has infinitely many solutions, then $$\lambda^{2}+\lambda$$ is equal to

For the system of equations to have infinitely many solutions, the determinant of the coefficient matrix must be zero, and the system must be consistent.

The coefficient matrix is:

$$A = \begin{bmatrix} \lambda-1 & \lambda-4 & \lambda \\ \lambda & \lambda-1 & \lambda-4 \\ \lambda+1 & \lambda+2 & -(\lambda+2) \end{bmatrix}$$

The determinant of A is computed as:

$$\text{det}(A) = (\lambda-1) \begin{vmatrix} \lambda-1 & \lambda-4 \\ \lambda+2 & -(\lambda+2) \end{vmatrix} - (\lambda-4) \begin{vmatrix} \lambda & \lambda-4 \\ \lambda+1 & -(\lambda+2) \end{vmatrix} + \lambda \begin{vmatrix} \lambda & \lambda-1 \\ \lambda+1 & \lambda+2 \end{vmatrix}$$

Calculate each 2x2 determinant:

First minor: $$\begin{vmatrix} \lambda-1 & \lambda-4 \\ \lambda+2 & -(\lambda+2) \end{vmatrix} = (\lambda-1)(-(\lambda+2)) - (\lambda-4)(\lambda+2) = -(\lambda+2)(2\lambda-5)$$

So, the first term is: $$(\lambda-1) \cdot [-(\lambda+2)(2\lambda-5)] = -(\lambda-1)(\lambda+2)(2\lambda-5)$$

Second minor: $$\begin{vmatrix} \lambda & \lambda-4 \\ \lambda+1 & -(\lambda+2) \end{vmatrix} = \lambda \cdot [-(\lambda+2)] - (\lambda-4)(\lambda+1) = -2\lambda^2 + \lambda + 4$$

So, the second term is: $$- (\lambda-4) \cdot (-2\lambda^2 + \lambda + 4) = -[-2\lambda^3 + 9\lambda^2 - 16] = 2\lambda^3 - 9\lambda^2 + 16$$

Third minor: $$\begin{vmatrix} \lambda & \lambda-1 \\ \lambda+1 & \lambda+2 \end{vmatrix} = \lambda(\lambda+2) - (\lambda-1)(\lambda+1) = 2\lambda + 1$$

So, the third term is: $$\lambda \cdot (2\lambda + 1) = 2\lambda^2 + \lambda$$

Summing all terms: $$\text{det}(A) = -(\lambda-1)(\lambda+2)(2\lambda-5) + 2\lambda^3 - 9\lambda^2 + 16 + 2\lambda^2 + \lambda$$

Expanding $$-(\lambda-1)(\lambda+2)(2\lambda-5)$$: $$(\lambda-1)(\lambda+2) = \lambda^2 + \lambda - 2$$ $$(\lambda^2 + \lambda - 2)(2\lambda - 5) = 2\lambda^3 - 3\lambda^2 - 9\lambda + 10$$ So, $$-(\lambda-1)(\lambda+2)(2\lambda-5) = -2\lambda^3 + 3\lambda^2 + 9\lambda - 10$$

Adding the other terms: $$(-2\lambda^3 + 3\lambda^2 + 9\lambda - 10) + (2\lambda^3 - 9\lambda^2 + 16) + (2\lambda^2 + \lambda) = -4\lambda^2 + 10\lambda + 6$$

Thus, $$\text{det}(A) = -4\lambda^2 + 10\lambda + 6$$.

Set $$\text{det}(A) = 0$$: $$-4\lambda^2 + 10\lambda + 6 = 0$$ Multiply by $$-1$$: $$4\lambda^2 - 10\lambda - 6 = 0$$ Divide by 2: $$2\lambda^2 - 5\lambda - 3 = 0$$

Solve the quadratic equation: $$\lambda = \frac{5 \pm \sqrt{(-5)^2 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot (-3)}}{4} = \frac{5 \pm \sqrt{25 + 24}}{4} = \frac{5 \pm \sqrt{49}}{4} = \frac{5 \pm 7}{4}$$ So, $$\lambda = \frac{12}{4} = 3$$ or $$\lambda = \frac{-2}{4} = -\frac{1}{2}$$.

Now, check consistency for each value.

Case $$\lambda = 3$$:

The system becomes: $$2x - y + 3z = 5 \quad \text{(1)}$$ $$3x + 2y - z = 7 \quad \text{(2)}$$ $$4x + 5y - 5z = 9 \quad \text{(3)}$$

Subtract equation (1) from equation (2): $$(3x + 2y - z) - (2x - y + 3z) = 7 - 5 \implies x + 3y - 4z = 2 \quad \text{(4)}$$

Subtract equation (1) from equation (3): $$(4x + 5y - 5z) - (2x - y + 3z) = 9 - 5 \implies 2x + 6y - 8z = 4$$ Divide by 2: $$x + 3y - 4z = 2 \quad \text{(5)}$$

Equations (4) and (5) are identical. The system reduces to: $$2x - y + 3z = 5 \quad \text{and} \quad x + 3y - 4z = 2$$

Solving for $$x$$ and $$y$$ in terms of $$z$$: From equation (5): $$x = 2 - 3y + 4z$$. Substitute into equation (1): $$2(2 - 3y + 4z) - y + 3z = 5 \implies 4 - 6y + 8z - y + 3z = 5 \implies -7y + 11z = 1$$ So, $$y = \frac{11z - 1}{7}$$, and $$x = 2 - 3\left(\frac{11z - 1}{7}\right) + 4z$$. For any $$z$$, there is a solution, so infinitely many solutions.

Case $$\lambda = -\frac{1}{2}$$:

The system becomes: $$-3x - 9y - z = 10 \quad \text{(1)}$$ $$-x - 3y - 9z = 14 \quad \text{(2)}$$ $$x + 3y - 3z = 18 \quad \text{(3)}$$

Add equations (2) and (3): $$(-x - 3y - 9z) + (x + 3y - 3z) = 14 + 18 \implies -12z = 32 \implies z = -\frac{8}{3}$$

Substitute $$z = -\frac{8}{3}$$ into equation (3): $$x + 3y - 3\left(-\frac{8}{3}\right) = 18 \implies x + 3y + 8 = 18 \implies x + 3y = 10$$

Substitute $$z = -\frac{8}{3}$$ into equation (1): $$-3x - 9y - \left(-\frac{8}{3}\right) = 10 \implies -3x - 9y + \frac{8}{3} = 10$$ Multiply by 3: $$-9x - 27y + 8 = 30 \implies -9x - 27y = 22 \quad \text{(4)}$$

From $$x + 3y = 10$$, multiply by $$-9$$: $$-9x - 27y = -90$$. But equation (4) gives $$-9x - 27y = 22$$, contradiction. So inconsistent.

Thus, only $$\lambda = 3$$ gives infinitely many solutions. Now compute $$\lambda^2 + \lambda$$: $$3^2 + 3 = 9 + 3 = 12$$

The answer is 12.

Get AI Help

Create a FREE account and get:

  • Free JEE Mains Previous Papers PDF
  • Take JEE Mains paper tests

JEE Quant Questions | JEE Quantitative Ability

JEE DILR Questions | LRDI Questions For JEE

JEE Verbal Ability Questions | VARC Questions For JEE

Free JEE Topicwise Questions

JEE Rotational MotionJEE Units & MeasurementsJEE Atomic StructureJEE GravitationJEE Periodic Table & PeriodicityJEE StatisticsJEE Inverse Trigonometric FunctionsJEE Magnetism & Magnetic MaterialsJEE Sequences & SeriesJEE MatricesJEE Alternating CurrentsJEE Carboxylic AcidsJEE Permutations & CombinationsJEE Work, Energy & PowerJEE Electromagnetic InductionJEE Electronic DevicesJEE d and f-Block ElementsJEE Chemical KineticsJEE Heat TransferJEE Three Dimensional GeometryJEE Magnetic Effects of CurrentJEE Hydrocarbons - AromaticJEE Electromagnetic WavesJEE Aldehydes & KetonesJEE Hydrocarbons - AlkanesJEE Applications of DerivativesJEE EquilibriumJEE Indefinite IntegrationJEE Chemical ThermodynamicsJEE ElectrochemistryJEE ProbabilityJEE BiomoleculesJEE Continuity & DifferentiabilityJEE Kinetic Theory of GasesJEE Vector AlgebraJEE Hydrocarbons - AlkynesJEE Differential EquationsJEE Current & ResistanceJEE Straight LinesJEE WavesJEE Redox ReactionsJEE Hydrocarbons - AlkenesJEE DeterminantsJEE SolutionsJEE Ray OpticsJEE Dual Nature of Matter & RadiationJEE Chemical Bonding & Molecular StructureJEE Complex NumbersJEE Sets, Relations & FunctionsJEE Electric Charges & FieldsJEE Laws of MotionJEE Fluid MechanicsJEE Basic Concepts in ChemistryJEE Trigonometric FunctionsJEE LimitsJEE Laws of ThermodynamicsJEE Kinematics - 2D MotionJEE p-Block Elements (Groups 13-18)JEE Simple Harmonic MotionJEE Electric Potential & CapacitanceJEE Coordination CompoundsJEE JEE 2D GeometryJEE CirclesJEE Definite IntegrationJEE EMF & Circuit AnalysisJEE Surface TensionJEE Atoms & NucleiJEE Laboratory Experiments - XIJEE Number SystemJEE Basic Principles of Organic ChemistryJEE Wave OpticsJEE Quadratic EquationsJEE Alcohols, Phenols & EthersJEE Organic Compounds with HalogensJEE DifferentiationJEE Conic SectionsJEE Nitrogen-Containing CompoundsJEE ElasticityJEE Practical Organic ChemistryJEE Kinematics - 1D MotionJEE Purification & CharacterisationJEE Binomial Theorem
Ask AI