JIPMAT 2024 Question Paper

For the following questions answer them individually

Read the paragraph and answer the questions that follow.

Are people ___ (i) ___ or even typically, guided by reason, rather than, say, by passion or impulse ? If the norms of rational behaviour are not followed by people in their actual behaviour, how can we seek the same answer to two rather different questions : what would be rational for a person to do ? And what would the person actually do ? Shouldn't the economists who make such double use of maximisation - whether through explicit reasoning ___ (ii) ___ by implicit presumption - be invited to apply their minds to this ?

A number of economists have indeed paid attention to systematic departures from rationality in actual choices made by people. One argument that has been invoked, in a line of reasoning proposed by Herbert Simon, goes by the name of bounded rationality. It concerns the possibility that people may not, in all cases, look for fully ___ (iii) ___ choices because of their inability to be sufficiently focussed. There is considerable evidence, powerfully presented, for example, ___ (iv) ___ Kahneman, Slovic and Tversky, that people may fail to understand adequately the nature of the uncertainty.

Read the paragraph and answer the questions that follow.

Literary criticism does not necessarily have to choose between textual or verbal and contextual study. The distinction between the two types of linguistic meaning is seen at two levels, formal and textual. Formal meaning in poetry is the level at which stylistic patterns occur but these are not restricted to mere form.

Panini discusses, in a few sutras scattered over his works, the influence of the concept of language in various spheres of suffixes, primary and secondary derivatives and compounds. Poetics is also indebted to grammar for the terms 'Jati' (genus), 'Kriya' (action), 'Guna' (quality) and 'Dravya' (individual/substance) which it uses in connection with certain poetic figures or while dealing with the expressive function of words.

Literary criticism, in the Sanskrit tradition, has been understood to be a sastra by which is meant any systematic, well-formulated body of knowledge. A 'sastraic' exposition is supposed to involve inquiry into the nature of substance, nature of language and the validity of critical statements. Thus, a basic understanding of the grammatical and philosophical issues is a prerequisite for the understanding of critical questions.