The passage below is accompanied by four questions. Based on the passage, choose the best answer for each question.

Vision impairment continues to disproportionately affect women and girls, revealing a persistent and deeply entrenched gender disparity in global health outcomes. Preventing avoidable blindness is therefore not merely a medical imperative but a crucial socio-developmental strategy that contributes directly to the reduction of gender inequalities and the broader attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Current global estimates indicate that more than half of all blind adults are women, while a significant majority of blind children are girls. This imbalance is often rooted in traditional gender roles that expose women to greater health risks. Activities such as cleaning, caregiving and the collection of water frequently situate women in environments where they encounter vision-impairing pathogens. Additionally, these responsibilities severely restrict their time and mobility, resulting in delayed or entirely neglected eye health interventions.

Vision loss among women tends to intensify existing social inequities. It can curtail access to education, diminish employment prospects, and, in some contexts, lead to social marginalisation. Such circumstances increase women’s dependence on male relatives and substantially reduce their autonomy and decision-making power within the household and the community. Conversely, improved eye health has a demonstrable ripple effect. When women are enabled to make informed choices about their own health, they positively influence the well-being of their families and contribute to enhanced community resilience.

In many regions, community health workers trained by Operation Eyesight’s partner institutions are women. Their participation in these roles positions them as trusted community leaders and agents of transformative change. Employment in health services not only strengthens their economic independence but also elevates their status within their families, promoting greater socioeconomic stability.

Operation Eyesight continues to pursue gender transformative strategies by engaging directly with communities to identify barriers faced by women, expanding training opportunities and fostering a more inclusive health workforce. This approach ensures that even the most vulnerable populations receive equitable access to essential eye care services.