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Instructions
Read the following passage and choose the answer that is closest to each of the questions that are based on the passage.

Anger can be a useful emotion. It can play a key role in building a strong individual psyche, as also a just society. But the algohacking of our brains to keep them in a state of incessant anger? That’s pure poison. Some companies and individuals draw colossal profits from it, but at terrible cost to general well-being. That rage bait has been declared Oxford English Dictionary’s word of 2025 is indicative of the spread of this poison. In 2024, it was brain rot that came on top. Both speak of the same diseased online ecosystem. All of this is bad enough for adults, but what it’s doing to children is a great nightmare.

Specifically, rage bait refers to online content designed to elicit anger or outrage. Once tech platforms figured out how this kind of content spirals user engagement, the algorithms got tweaked to feed us more and more of the same, activating a diabolical incentive structure of hate. Of course, in this swamp, reality is completely distorted. You could take any major event of recent times as an example and the difference between your newspaper’s reportage and your online feed would be dramatic. Reading responsible accounts of pollution, a terror attack, an election result etc. would give you food for thought. On social media, you would be targeted with stuff doctored to send you into troll mode.

If you block the accounts that most inflame you, you deprive them of your attention, you refuse to buy the hate they are selling. Blocking even hurts them with the algorithm. David did defeat Goliath. And make no mistake, this is a civilisational battle. We must fight against the atrophy of our attention, its capture by the most terrible types of things that human nature can be drawn to, and to regain our sense and sensibility.

Question 55

The phrase “a civilisational battle” could best be interpreted as a conflict that affects

The passage frames the fight as "a civilisational battle" requiring us to "fight against the atrophy of our attention" and "regain our sense and sensibility" — a defence of fundamental human faculties.

Why Option 4 (correct): "Existential foundations of a society" captures the depth — what's at stake is the very capacity of humans to think and sense, not surface forms.

Why other options fail (Option 3 is the trap):

  • Option 3 ("change into a new and better type of society"): tempting because "battle" implies action, but the author is calling for *preservation* of attention and sensibility — *resisting* the change forced by rage bait, not progressing to a new society.
  • Option 1 ("battle of classes"): no class struggle is invoked.
  • Option 2 ("outward forms of beliefs and behaviour"): the battle is about *inner* attention and sensibility, not surface manifestations.

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