Emergency Provisions In Indian Constitution Notes PDF:
Download the Emergency Provisions In Indian Constitution Notes PDF. This PDF covers Types Of emergencies, National, State & Financial Emergency, how many times each emergency declared in India and the list of articles of Emergency very useful for UPSC, BANKING, SSC, RPF & all competitive exams.
Download Emergency Provisions In Indian Constitution PDF
All Banking/SSC/RRB Content @ Rs. 199
Download Daily & Monthly Current affairs quiz PDF
Download all General Knowledge Questions & Answers PDF
Download Current Affairs Questions & Answers PDF
Download General Science Notes And Q&A PDF
The Emergency provisions for India are mentioned in the Part XVIII of the constitution from Articles 352 to 360.
Reason For Emergency Provisions in India:
These Emergency provisions are included in the constitution to preserve the sovereignty, Unity, Integrity & Security of the country.There are 3 emergencies mentioned in the constitution.
Types Of Emergencies in India:
1.National Emergency
2.State Emergency
3.Financial Emergency
1.National Emergency in India:
According to Article 352, President can declare national emergency on the grounds of war, external aggression or armed rebellion.The president can declare emergency even before the occurence of the threat if he is satisfied that there is an imminent danger.When the emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression it is called ‘External Emergency’. If the emergency is declared on the ground of armed rebellion it is called ‘Internal Emergency’.In 1975, National Emergency was declared on the ground of Internal Disturbances. The word ‘Armed Rebellion’ replaced the word ‘Internal Disturbances’ by the 44th Constitutional Ammendment Act, 1978.
The Proclamation of Emergency by the president on the written recommendation of the cabinet should be approved by the both houses of the parliament with special majority within 1 month.If approved the emergency continues for 6 months and can be extended for an indefinite period by the parliament approval for every 6 months.To revoke the national emergency, a resolution with a simple majority should be passed by the Loksabha.
How many times National Emergency Declared in India?
1.The first National Emergency was declared in October 1962 on the ground of chinese aggression on the North East Frontier Agency.
2.The second National Emergency was proclaimed due to the Pakistan attack in 1971.
Both 1 & 2 are external emergencies.
3.Third National Emergency was announced in June 1975 while the second national emergency was in continuation. Third National Emergency was an Internal Emergency on the ground of Internal Disturbances.
2.State Emergency in India:
Under Article 355, duty is imposed on the centre to ensure that government of every state was carried in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. Accordingly if there is failure of constitutional machinery in a state, centre can take over the state government under Article 356.This is known as State Emergency/ President’s Rule.
State Emergency can be declared on two grounds:
1.Constitutional Machinery breakdown
2.Non-compliance with centre’s directions
The State Emergency proclamation should be approved by the both houses of the parliament with simple majority within 2 months.If approved the emergency continues for 6 months and can be extended for a maximum period of 3 years by the parliament approval for every 6 months.The State emergency can be revoked by the president on his own without any parlliament approval.
How many times State Emergency Declared in India?
Since the adoption of the constitution, the state emergency was declared more than 100 times.Article 356 has been the most controversial and criticized provision of the constitution.President’s Rule was first imposed in Punjab in 1951.
3.Financial Emergency in India:
Under Article 360, President can proclaim Financial Emergency if he is satisfied that there is a situation in which financial stability or financial credibility of the Nation is threatened. The Financial Emergency proclamation should be approved by the both houses of the parliament with simple majority within 2 months.If approved the emergency continues for an indefinite period. Without any parliament approval the President can revoke the financial emergency at anytime.
How many times Financial Emergency Declared in India?
No financial Emergency was declared till now though there was a Financial Crisis in 1991.
Articles Of Emergency In Indian Constitution:
| Article | Subject Matter |
| 352 | Proclamation Of Emergency |
| 353 | Effect Of Proclamation Of Emergency |
| 354 | Application of provisions relating to revenue distribution while a proclamation of emergency is in operation |
| 355 | Duty of the Union to protect states against external aggression and internal disturbance |
| 356 | Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery in states |
| 357 | Exercise of legislative powers under Article 356 |
| 358 | Suspension of Article 19 during emergencies |
| 359 | Suspension of enforcement of part III during emergency |
| 360 | Provisions Of Financial Emergency |
