Download the\u00a0List Of Nobel Prize Winners 2018 PDF. This is the Complete list of Nobel Prize Winners 2018 PDF very useful for UPSC, BANKING & SSC EXAMS PDF useful for all competitive exams.<\/p>\n
Download\u00a0NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS 2018 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n All Banking\/SSC\/RRB Content @ Rs. 99<\/a><\/p>\n Download Daily & Monthly Current affairs quiz PDF<\/a><\/p>\n Download all General Knowledge Questions & Answers PDF<\/a><\/p>\n Download Current Affairs Questions & Answers PDF<\/a><\/p>\n Download General Science Notes And Q&A PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n NOBEL PRIZES 2018:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2.Gerard Morou & Donna Strickland<\/td>\n 1.For optical tweezers & their application to biological systems<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2.For their method of generating high intensity , ultra-short optical pulses<\/p>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/p>\n 2.George P. Smith & Gregory P.\u00a0 Winter<\/td>\n <\/p>\n 2.For the phage display of peptides & anti-bodies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/p>\n 2.Paul M. Romer<\/td>\n 2.For integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nobel Peace Prize for 2018 was awarded to\u00a0 Denis Mukwege<\/strong> and Nadia Murad<\/strong> for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict. <\/span><\/p>\n Denis Mukwege:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The physician Denis Mukwege has spent large parts of his life helping the victims of sexual violence in the Panzi Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo<\/strong>. Most of the abuses have been committed in the context of a long-lasting civil war that has cost the lives of more than six million Congolese.<\/span><\/p>\n\n Nadia Murad:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nadia Murad is a member of the Yazidi minority in Kocho, northern Iraq.<\/strong> In August 2014 the Islamic State (IS) launched a brutal, systematic attack on the villages of the Sinjar district, to exterminate the Yazidis. Nadia Murad is just one of an estimated 3000 Yazidi girls and women who were victims of rape and other abuses<\/strong> by the IS<\/strong> army. Abuses, part of military strategy served as a weapon in the fight against Yazidis and other religious minorities.<\/span>Following her escape after 3 months, she chose to speak openly about what she had suffered. In 2016, she was named the UN\u2019s first Goodwill Ambassador for the Dignity of Survivors of Human Trafficking.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n UN Resolution on the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war & Armed conflict:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 This year 2018 marks a decade since the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1820 (2008), which determined that the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict constitutes both a war crime and a threat to international peace and security. <\/span><\/p>\n Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Arthur Ashkin, Gerard Morou & Donna Strickland<\/strong> for their groundbreaking inventions in the laser physics.<\/strong><\/p>\n Arthur Ashkin:<\/strong><\/p>\n Arthur Ashkin invented optical tweezers<\/strong> that grabs virus, atoms, particles, living cells & viruses with their laser beam fingers. He succeded in pushing the particles to the center of the beam & holding them there.Optical tweezers are used to investigate the machinery of life.<\/strong><\/p>\n Gerard Morou & Donna Strickland:<\/strong><\/p>\n Gerard Morou & Donna Strickland created shortest & most intense laser pulses<\/strong> i.e, ultrashort high intensity pulses without destroying the amplifying material. Their technique called chirped pulse amplification<\/strong>, CPA, soon became standard for subsequent high-intensity lasers. Its uses include the millions of corrective eye surgeries<\/strong> that are conducted using the sharpest of laser beams.<\/p>\n\n Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Frances H.Arnold<\/strong> for the directed evolution of enzymes & George P.Smith & Gregory<\/strong> P.Winter<\/strong> for the Phage display of peptides & antibodies.<\/p>\n Frances H. Arnold :<\/strong><\/p>\n Frances H. Arnold\u00a0 in 1993, conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes<\/strong>, which are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions.\u00a0 The uses of Frances Arnold\u2019s enzymes include more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances, such as pharmaceuticals, and the production of renewable fuels.<\/p>\n George P. Smith<\/strong> and<\/strong> Sir Gregory P. Winter:<\/strong><\/p>\n In 1985, George Smith developed a method known as phage display<\/strong>, where a bacteriophage \u2013 a virus that infects bacteria \u2013 can be used to evolve new proteins. Gregory Winter used phage display for the directed evolution of antibodies <\/strong>inorder to produce new pharmaceuticals. using Phage Display, firstly adalimumab<\/strong> was invented & was approved in 2002 and is used for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. phage display has also been used to produce anti-bodies that can counteract Metastatic Cancer.<\/p>\n\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 James Allison<\/strong> &\u00a0 Tasuku Honjo<\/strong> have been awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for the discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation<\/p>\n James Allison &\u00a0 Tasuku Honjo:<\/strong><\/p>\n James Allison has studied a new protein that acts as a brake<\/strong> on the immune system. He realized the potential of the immune system by releasing the brake & unleashing the immune system to attack the tumors. Tasuku Honjo discovered a protein on immune cells later realized to be a brake on the immune system. James Allison & Tasuku Honjo both discovered different strategies to inhibit the brakes on the immune system<\/strong> that can be used to treat the cancer.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 William Nordhaus & Paul M.Romer<\/strong> were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics for integrating climate change & Technological innovations into long run macro-economic analysis respectively.<\/p>\n\n Paul M. Romer: Paul M. Romer demonstrates how knowledge<\/strong> can function as a driver of long-term economic growth<\/strong>. Romer\u2019s solution, which was published in 1990, laid the foundation of what is now called endogenous growth theory<\/strong>. The theory explains how ideas are different to other goods and require specific conditions to thrive in a market.<\/p>\n William Nordhaus:<\/strong><\/p>\n Nordhaus\u2019 findings deal with interactions between society and nature. He is the first person to create an integrated assessment model<\/strong>, i.e. a quantitative model that describes the global interplay between the economy and the climate.Nordhaus\u2019 model is used to simulate how the economy and the climate co-evolve <\/strong>& to examine the consequences of climate policy interventions, for example carbon taxes.<\/p>\n The 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature has been postponed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n CATEGORY<\/strong><\/td>\n AWARDED TO<\/strong><\/td>\n FOR<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n PEACE<\/strong><\/td>\n Denis Mukwege & Nadia Murad<\/td>\n For their efforts to end sexual violence as a weapon of war & armed conflict<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n PHYSICS<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.Arthur Ashkin<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \n CHEMISTRY<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.Frances H.Arnold<\/p>\n 1.For the directed evolution of enzymes<\/p>\n \n MEDICINE<\/strong><\/td>\n James P. Allison & Tasuku Honjo<\/td>\n For their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibiting the negative immune regulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n ECONOMICS<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.William Nordhaus<\/p>\n 1.For integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis<\/p>\n \n LITERATURTE<\/strong><\/td>\n POSTPONED<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 1.Nobel Peace Prize:<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n2.Nobel Prize in Physics:<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/h2>\n3.Nobel Prize in Chemistry:<\/strong><\/h2>\n
4.Nobel Prize in Medicine:<\/strong><\/h2>\n
5.Nobel Prize in Economics:<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n6.Nobel Prize in Literature:<\/strong><\/h2>\n