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Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
Did you know that your daily habits can turn genes on or off. It's known as gene expression or epigenetics. Gene expression is a process in which certain genes are turned on or off during one's lifetime. The human body contains approximately 100 trillion cells. Within each cell is the nucleus. Inside every nucleus of every cell are our genes. Experts estimate that the average human has over 20,000 genes. Some of these genes came from our mothers and some from our fathers. Believe it or not, your daily habits can turn genes on or off. Bad habits can turn off good genes and turn on bad genes. This could mean opening the door to cancer, diabetes, various addictions, brain damage, heart diseases, etc. Bad habits can create long-term stress in the form of financial problems, job loss, health issues, etc. Long - term stress increases the production of cortisol, a stress hormone. Like a domino effect, cortisol switches on a series of bad genes that can lead to heart disease, cancer and immunological disorders.
Some of the bad habits that turn bad genes on include:
• Excessive alcohol consumption.
• Drug use.
• Not eating healthy or eating too much junk food can change your DNA.
• Lack off daily aerobic exercise.
• Consuming too much much sugar.
• Not exercising our brains by reading or learning new skills.
• Negative emotions and negative thinking.
Conversely, good habits can turn bad genes off and turn good genes on. The by product of good habits is reduced stress resulting from financial independence, happiness, good health, etc. Some of these good habits include:
• Daily reading or learning new skills, which can turn on genes that increase your IQ.
• Daily aerobic exercise, which can turn on genes that prevent heart disease, asthma and other immunological disorder.
• Meditation, which can turn off bad genes that contribute to the onset of various types of diseases and turn on good genes that prevent such disease.
• Positive thinking and positive emotions alter the brain's chemistry which increases or decreases gene expression.
Habits are not harmless. They can alter your DNA by changing your genome. This is important but not just for
Choose the statement that are true with regard to your DNA.
A. It results into immunological disorder.
B. The altered DNA gets passed on the our children.
C. Habits are harmful.
D. The DNA has the ability to change the genome.
E. The DNA can make you children better or worse.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Statement A is true, as the passage mentions that bad habits can lead to immunological disorders.
Statement B states: “The altered DNA gets passed on to our children.” While the passage does not directly state this, it discusses the concept of gene expression or epigenetics, which involves changes in gene activity that do not involve alterations to the genetic code but still get passed down to at least one successive generation.
Statement C is partially true. The passage mentions that bad habits can be harmful, but it also states that good habits can have positive effects. So, saying “habits are harmful” is too broad and not entirely accurate according to the passage.
Statement D is true. The passage mentions that habits can alter your DNA by changing your genome.
Statement E, "The DNA can make your children better or worse", is true. While the passage does not directly state this, it does discuss how our habits can alter our DNA and potentially lead to various health issues. If we consider the broader context of genetics, it is known that parents pass on their genes to their offspring. Therefore, if our habits have altered our DNA for better (through good habits) or for worse (through bad habits), these changes could potentially influence the genetic makeup of our children.
So, the statements A, B, D, and E are consistent with the information provided in the passage, making option D the correct answer.
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